feat(config): 密钥自动生成下沉到后端 + 安装文档极简化

- resolveSecrets 统一所有部署形态的零配置体验:显式 env 优先 → DATA_DIR/.secrets.env
  → 自动生成随机密钥持久化(0600,重启不变);无法持久化才拒绝启动(单测覆盖生成/复用/显式优先)
- install.md 重写为三方式各一条命令(K8s install.sh / docker compose up -d / release 包),
  密钥与数据说明收敛到统一「说明」一节;README Docker 段同步精简

backend/config/config.go

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 package config
 
 import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/hex"
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 )
 
@@ -24,20 +27,60 @@ type Config struct {
 	HostKeyDir    string // 新增：SSH主机密钥存储目录
 }
 
+// resolveSecrets 密钥解析(所有部署形态统一的零配置体验):
+// 显式环境变量优先;缺失时读取 DATA_DIR/.secrets.env;两者皆无则生成随机密钥
+// 并持久化(0600),重启/升级保持不变。无法持久化时拒绝启动,绝不使用易失密钥。
+func resolveSecrets(dataDir string) (jwt, enc string) {
+	jwt = os.Getenv("JWT_SECRET")
+	enc = os.Getenv("ENCRYPTION_KEY")
+	if jwt != "" && enc != "" {
+		return jwt, enc
+	}
+	secretsFile := filepath.Join(dataDir, ".secrets.env")
+	if data, err := os.ReadFile(secretsFile); err == nil {
+		for _, line := range strings.Split(string(data), "\n") {
+			if v, ok := strings.CutPrefix(line, "JWT_SECRET="); ok && jwt == "" && v != "" {
+				jwt = v
+			}
+			if v, ok := strings.CutPrefix(line, "ENCRYPTION_KEY="); ok && enc == "" && v != "" {
+				enc = v
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if jwt != "" && enc != "" {
+		return jwt, enc
+	}
+	gen := func() string {
+		buf := make([]byte, 32)
+		if _, err := rand.Read(buf); err != nil {
+			log.Fatal("[SECURITY] 生成随机密钥失败: ", err)
+		}
+		return hex.EncodeToString(buf)
+	}
+	if jwt == "" {
+		jwt = gen()
+		log.Printf("[SECURITY] JWT_SECRET 未设置,已生成随机密钥并持久化到 %s", secretsFile)
+	}
+	if enc == "" {
+		enc = gen()
+		log.Printf("[SECURITY] ENCRYPTION_KEY 未设置,已生成随机密钥并持久化到 %s", secretsFile)
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dataDir, 0o700); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal("[SECURITY] 无法创建数据目录以持久化密钥: ", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(secretsFile, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(
+		"# LokiStack auto-generated. Delete to regenerate.\nJWT_SECRET=%s\nENCRYPTION_KEY=%s\n", jwt, enc,
+	)), 0o600); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal("[SECURITY] 密钥持久化失败(请显式设置 JWT_SECRET / ENCRYPTION_KEY): ", err)
+	}
+	return jwt, enc
+}
+
 func GetConfig() *Config {
 	once.Do(func() {
 		dataDir := getEnv("DATA_DIR", "./data")
 
-		jwtSecret := os.Getenv("JWT_SECRET")
-		encKey := os.Getenv("ENCRYPTION_KEY")
-
-		// 生产环境强制校验：JWT_SECRET和ENCRYPTION_KEY必须设置
-		if jwtSecret == "" {
-			log.Fatal("[SECURITY] JWT_SECRET environment variable is required. Please set a strong random secret.")
-		}
-		if encKey == "" {
-			log.Fatal("[SECURITY] ENCRYPTION_KEY environment variable is required. Please set a strong 32-byte random key (base64 or hex encoded).")
-		}
+		jwtSecret, encKey := resolveSecrets(dataDir)
 
 		// ENCRYPTION_KEY 长度校验：至少32字节（256位）
 		if len(encKey) < 32 {

backend/config/config_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// TestResolveSecretsAutoGenerate 零配置:未设置环境变量时自动生成随机密钥并持久化,二次调用复用
+func TestResolveSecretsAutoGenerate(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("JWT_SECRET", "")
+	t.Setenv("ENCRYPTION_KEY", "")
+
+	jwt1, enc1 := resolveSecrets(dir)
+	if len(jwt1) != 64 || len(enc1) != 64 {
+		t.Fatalf("生成的密钥长度异常: %d/%d", len(jwt1), len(enc1))
+	}
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, ".secrets.env"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("密钥未持久化: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(data), jwt1) || !strings.Contains(string(data), enc1) {
+		t.Fatal("持久化内容与返回值不一致")
+	}
+	info, _ := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, ".secrets.env"))
+	if info.Mode().Perm() != 0o600 {
+		t.Fatalf("密钥文件权限应为 0600,实际 %v", info.Mode().Perm())
+	}
+	// 二次调用复用
+	jwt2, enc2 := resolveSecrets(dir)
+	if jwt1 != jwt2 || enc1 != enc2 {
+		t.Fatal("二次解析应复用持久化密钥")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestResolveSecretsExplicitEnvWins 显式环境变量优先,不读不写持久化文件
+func TestResolveSecretsExplicitEnvWins(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("JWT_SECRET", "explicit-jwt-secret-0123456789abcdef")
+	t.Setenv("ENCRYPTION_KEY", "explicit-enc-secret-0123456789abcdef")
+	jwt, enc := resolveSecrets(dir)
+	if jwt != "explicit-jwt-secret-0123456789abcdef" || enc != "explicit-enc-secret-0123456789abcdef" {
+		t.Fatal("显式环境变量必须原样生效")
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, ".secrets.env")); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatal("显式提供时不应写持久化文件")
+	}
+}