diff --git a/backend/internal/api/identity.go b/backend/internal/api/identity.go
index 20234cb..e4be81b 100644
--- a/backend/internal/api/identity.go
+++ b/backend/internal/api/identity.go
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -19,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pquerna/otp/totp"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
 
+	"vpn-platform/backend/internal/ldaputil"
 	"vpn-platform/backend/internal/model"
 	"vpn-platform/backend/internal/service/ikev2"
 	"vpn-platform/backend/internal/service/l2tp"
@@ -85,27 +85,20 @@ func ldapSettings() (*model.LDAPConfig, error) {
 }
 
 func ldapConnect(cfg *model.LDAPConfig) (*ldap.Conn, error) {
-	url := cfg.URL
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(url, "ldap://") && !strings.HasPrefix(url, "ldaps://") {
-		// 安全默认：未显式指定协议时按 ldaps，避免口令明文过网
-		url = "ldaps://" + url
-	}
-	conn, err := ldap.DialURL(url)
+	dialURL, err := ldaputil.DialURL(cfg.URL)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if cfg.StartTLS && strings.HasPrefix(url, "ldap://") {
-		host := strings.TrimPrefix(url, "ldap://")
-		if h, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(host); err == nil {
-			host = h
-		}
+	conn, err := ldap.DialURL(dialURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if cfg.StartTLS && strings.HasPrefix(dialURL, "ldap://") {
+		host := ldaputil.Hostname(dialURL)
 		if err := conn.StartTLS(&tls.Config{ServerName: host}); err != nil {
 			conn.Close()
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("StartTLS 升级失败: %w", err)
 		}
-	} else if strings.HasPrefix(url, "ldap://") {
-		conn.Close()
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("明文 ldap:// 存在口令泄露风险，请改用 ldaps:// 或开启 StartTLS")
 	}
 	if cfg.BindDN != "" {
 		if err := conn.Bind(cfg.BindDN, cfg.BindPassword); err != nil {
@@ -126,7 +119,12 @@ func (s *Server) authenticateLDAP(username, password string) (*model.User, error
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	defer conn.Close()
-	filter := fmt.Sprintf("(&%s(%s=%s))", cfg.UserFilter, cfg.UsernameAttribute, ldap.EscapeFilter(username))
+	filter := cfg.UserFilter
+	if strings.Contains(filter, "%s") {
+		filter = fmt.Sprintf(filter, ldap.EscapeFilter(username))
+	} else {
+		filter = fmt.Sprintf("(&%s(%s=%s))", filter, cfg.UsernameAttribute, ldap.EscapeFilter(username))
+	}
 	result, err := conn.Search(ldap.NewSearchRequest(cfg.BaseDN, ldap.ScopeWholeSubtree, ldap.NeverDerefAliases, 1, 5, false, filter, []string{"dn", cfg.UsernameAttribute, "cn", "mail"}, nil))
 	if err != nil || len(result.Entries) != 1 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("LDAP 用户不存在")
@@ -361,6 +359,12 @@ func (s *Server) saveLDAPConfig(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.JSON(400, gin.H{"error": "LDAP 地址与 Base DN 必填"})
 		return
 	}
+	if req.Enabled {
+		if _, err := ldaputil.DialURL(req.URL); err != nil {
+			c.JSON(400, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+			return
+		}
+	}
 	var cfg model.LDAPConfig
 	store.DB.First(&cfg)
 	cfg.URL, cfg.BindDN, cfg.BaseDN, cfg.UserFilter, cfg.UsernameAttribute, cfg.StartTLS, cfg.Enabled =
@@ -373,17 +377,35 @@ func (s *Server) saveLDAPConfig(c *gin.Context) {
 }
 
 func (s *Server) testLDAP(c *gin.Context) {
-	cfg, err := ldapSettings()
-	if err == nil {
-		conn, connErr := ldapConnect(cfg)
-		if connErr == nil {
-			conn.Close()
-			c.JSON(200, gin.H{"ok": true})
-			return
-		}
-		err = connErr
+	var req struct {
+		URL          string `json:"url"`
+		BindDN       string `json:"bind_dn"`
+		BindPassword string `json:"bind_password"`
+		StartTLS     bool   `json:"starttls"`
 	}
-	c.JSON(400, gin.H{"error": "LDAP 连接失败: " + err.Error()})
+	if c.ShouldBindJSON(&req) != nil || strings.TrimSpace(req.URL) == "" {
+		c.JSON(400, gin.H{"error": "LDAP 服务器地址必填"})
+		return
+	}
+	cfg := &model.LDAPConfig{URL: strings.TrimSpace(req.URL), BindDN: strings.TrimSpace(req.BindDN), BindPassword: req.BindPassword, StartTLS: req.StartTLS}
+	if cfg.BindPassword == "" {
+		var saved model.LDAPConfig
+		if store.DB.First(&saved).Error == nil && saved.BindPassword != "" {
+			plain, err := store.DecryptSecret(saved.BindPassword)
+			if err != nil {
+				c.JSON(400, gin.H{"error": "LDAP 配置密钥无效"})
+				return
+			}
+			cfg.BindPassword = plain
+		}
+	}
+	conn, err := ldapConnect(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(400, gin.H{"error": "LDAP 连接失败: " + err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+	conn.Close()
+	c.JSON(200, gin.H{"ok": true})
 }
 
 func (s *Server) listVPNUsers(c *gin.Context) {
diff --git a/backend/internal/ldaputil/address.go b/backend/internal/ldaputil/address.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d56d96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/internal/ldaputil/address.go
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Package ldaputil normalizes LDAP server addresses supplied by administrators.
+package ldaputil
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// DialURL accepts an IP address or domain name, with an optional port. Bare
+// addresses use LDAPS on port 636. Existing ldap:// and ldaps:// values remain
+// supported for backward compatibility.
+func DialURL(address string) (string, error) {
+	address = strings.TrimSpace(address)
+	if address == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("LDAP 服务器地址不能为空")
+	}
+
+	if strings.Contains(address, "://") {
+		u, err := url.Parse(address)
+		if err != nil || (u.Scheme != "ldap" && u.Scheme != "ldaps") || u.Host == "" || u.Path != "" || u.RawQuery != "" || u.Fragment != "" {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("LDAP 服务器地址格式无效")
+		}
+		port := "389"
+		if u.Scheme == "ldaps" {
+			port = "636"
+		}
+		host, err := withDefaultPort(u.Host, port)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		u.Host = host
+		return u.String(), nil
+	}
+
+	host, err := withDefaultPort(address, "636")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return "ldaps://" + host, nil
+}
+
+func withDefaultPort(address, defaultPort string) (string, error) {
+	if strings.ContainsAny(address, " \t\r\n/?#@") {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("LDAP 服务器地址格式无效")
+	}
+	if host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(address); err == nil {
+		if host == "" || port == "" {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("LDAP 服务器地址格式无效")
+		}
+		return address, nil
+	}
+
+	host := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(address, "["), "]")
+	if host == "" || (strings.Contains(host, ":") && net.ParseIP(host) == nil) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("LDAP 服务器地址格式无效")
+	}
+	return net.JoinHostPort(host, defaultPort), nil
+}
+
+// Hostname returns the hostname or IP for TLS ServerName selection.
+func Hostname(dialURL string) string {
+	u, err := url.Parse(dialURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return u.Hostname()
+}
diff --git a/backend/internal/ldaputil/address_test.go b/backend/internal/ldaputil/address_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c515c52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/internal/ldaputil/address_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package ldaputil
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestDialURL(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		address string
+		want    string
+	}{
+		{"8.217.205.92", "ldaps://8.217.205.92:636"},
+		{"ldap.opsx.vip", "ldaps://ldap.opsx.vip:636"},
+		{"ldap.opsx.vip:1636", "ldaps://ldap.opsx.vip:1636"},
+		{"2001:db8::1", "ldaps://[2001:db8::1]:636"},
+		{"ldap://ldap.opsx.vip", "ldap://ldap.opsx.vip:389"},
+		{"ldaps://ldap.opsx.vip", "ldaps://ldap.opsx.vip:636"},
+		{" ldaps://8.217.205.92 ", "ldaps://8.217.205.92:636"},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		got, err := DialURL(tt.address)
+		if err != nil || got != tt.want {
+			t.Errorf("DialURL(%q) = %q, %v; want %q", tt.address, got, err, tt.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDialURLRejectsInvalidAddress(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, address := range []string{"", "ldap.opsx.vip/path", "ldap.opsx.vip:", "https://ldap.opsx.vip"} {
+		if _, err := DialURL(address); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("DialURL(%q) succeeded; want error", address)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/openvpn/openvpn.go b/backend/internal/service/openvpn/openvpn.go
index acdd189..3cc8a27 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/openvpn/openvpn.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/openvpn/openvpn.go
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
 	"vpn-platform/backend/internal/core"
+	"vpn-platform/backend/internal/ldaputil"
 	"vpn-platform/backend/internal/model"
 	"vpn-platform/backend/internal/service"
 	"vpn-platform/backend/internal/sessionmgr"
@@ -903,11 +904,11 @@ func verifyDialPassword(user *model.VPNUser, password string) error {
 	if err := store.DB.Where("enabled = ?", true).First(&cfg).Error; err != nil {
 		return errors.New("LDAP 未启用")
 	}
-	url := cfg.URL
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(url, "ldap://") && !strings.HasPrefix(url, "ldaps://") {
-		url = "ldap://" + url
+	dialURL, err := ldaputil.DialURL(cfg.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
-	conn, err := ldap.DialURL(url)
+	conn, err := ldap.DialURL(dialURL)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
diff --git a/frontend/package-lock.json b/frontend/package-lock.json
index 43c2071..7639977 100644
--- a/frontend/package-lock.json
+++ b/frontend/package-lock.json
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
         "vue-router": "^4.4.5"
       },
       "devDependencies": {
+        "@intlify/unplugin-vue-i18n": "4.0.0",
         "@vitejs/plugin-vue": "^5.1.4",
         "vite": "^5.4.10"
       }
@@ -502,6 +503,35 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-HpCo8tmWzLVad5s2d19EhAz5zqrrQ6s69qd6moPMQvkOuSwDT1YgRfWSVuc4ennqrgv3OHppiOGMQ7oC13yIww==",
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/@intlify/bundle-utils": {
+      "version": "8.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/@intlify/bundle-utils/-/bundle-utils-8.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-1B++zykRnMwQ+20SpsZI1JCnV/YJt9Oq7AGlEurzkWJOFtFAVqaGc/oV36PBRYeiKnTbY9VYfjBimr2Vt42wLQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@intlify/message-compiler": "^9.4.0",
+        "@intlify/shared": "^9.4.0",
+        "acorn": "^8.8.2",
+        "escodegen": "^2.1.0",
+        "estree-walker": "^2.0.2",
+        "jsonc-eslint-parser": "^2.3.0",
+        "mlly": "^1.2.0",
+        "source-map-js": "^1.0.1",
+        "yaml-eslint-parser": "^1.2.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 14.16"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "petite-vue-i18n": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "vue-i18n": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@intlify/core-base": {
       "version": "9.14.5",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@intlify/core-base/-/core-base-9.14.5.tgz",
@@ -546,12 +576,90 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/kazupon"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@intlify/unplugin-vue-i18n": {
+      "version": "4.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/@intlify/unplugin-vue-i18n/-/unplugin-vue-i18n-4.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-q2Mhqa/mLi0tulfLFO4fMXXvEbkSZpI5yGhNNsLTNJJ41icEGUuyDe+j5zRZIKSkOJRgX6YbCyibTDJdRsukmw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@intlify/bundle-utils": "^8.0.0",
+        "@intlify/shared": "^9.4.0",
+        "@rollup/pluginutils": "^5.1.0",
+        "@vue/compiler-sfc": "^3.2.47",
+        "debug": "^4.3.3",
+        "fast-glob": "^3.2.12",
+        "js-yaml": "^4.1.0",
+        "json5": "^2.2.3",
+        "pathe": "^1.0.0",
+        "picocolors": "^1.0.0",
+        "source-map-js": "^1.0.2",
+        "unplugin": "^1.1.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 14.16"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "petite-vue-i18n": "*",
+        "vue-i18n": "*",
+        "vue-i18n-bridge": "*"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "petite-vue-i18n": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "vue-i18n": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "vue-i18n-bridge": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": {
       "version": "1.5.5",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec/-/sourcemap-codec-1.5.5.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-cYQ9310grqxueWbl+WuIUIaiUaDcj7WOq5fVhEljNVgRfOUhY9fy2zTvfoqWsnebh8Sl70VScFbICvJnLKB0Og==",
       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/@nodelib/fs.scandir": {
+      "version": "2.1.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/@nodelib/fs.scandir/-/fs.scandir-2.1.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-vq24Bq3ym5HEQm2NKCr3yXDwjc7vTsEThRDnkp2DK9p1uqLR+DHurm/NOTo0KG7HYHU7eppKZj3MyqYuMBf62g==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@nodelib/fs.stat": "2.0.5",
+        "run-parallel": "^1.1.9"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 8"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@nodelib/fs.stat": {
+      "version": "2.0.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/@nodelib/fs.stat/-/fs.stat-2.0.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-RkhPPp2zrqDAQA/2jNhnztcPAlv64XdhIp7a7454A5ovI7Bukxgt7MX7udwAu3zg1DcpPU0rz3VV1SeaqvY4+A==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 8"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@nodelib/fs.walk": {
+      "version": "1.2.8",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/@nodelib/fs.walk/-/fs.walk-1.2.8.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-oGB+UxlgWcgQkgwo8GcEGwemoTFt3FIO9ababBmaGwXIoBKZ+GTy0pP185beGg7Llih/NSHSV2XAs1lnznocSg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@nodelib/fs.scandir": "2.1.5",
+        "fastq": "^1.6.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 8"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@popperjs/core": {
       "name": "@sxzz/popperjs-es",
       "version": "2.11.8",
@@ -563,6 +671,29 @@
         "url": "https://opencollective.com/popperjs"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@rollup/pluginutils": {
+      "version": "5.4.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/@rollup/pluginutils/-/pluginutils-5.4.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-MfPp06CjRLfXQ3wY0R8vJDYBy/MvVcc9OulEfR0B8Iv9ko+GCNaRZ+EpJYFl27LhKsZK0o420sYCRHCjfCgeUg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@types/estree": "^1.0.0",
+        "estree-walker": "^2.0.2",
+        "picomatch": "^4.0.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=14.0.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "rollup": "^1.20.0||^2.0.0||^3.0.0||^4.0.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "rollup": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi": {
       "version": "4.62.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi/-/rollup-android-arm-eabi-4.62.2.tgz",
@@ -1097,6 +1228,29 @@
         "vue": "^3.5.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/acorn": {
+      "version": "8.17.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/acorn/-/acorn-8.17.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-xRQbDb9BnwDafYNn6Vwl839DYVjqXYb1XVGtWAZ1kcDc6iwAL4hg3B1dZlRiuENFeO2H53gFG3in621AdERVAg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "bin": {
+        "acorn": "bin/acorn"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=0.4.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/acorn-jsx": {
+      "version": "5.3.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/acorn-jsx/-/acorn-jsx-5.3.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-rq9s+JNhf0IChjtDXxllJ7g41oZk5SlXtp0LHwyA5cejwn7vKmKp4pPri6YEePv2PU65sAsegbXtIinmDFDXgQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "acorn": "^6.0.0 || ^7.0.0 || ^8.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/agent-base": {
       "version": "6.0.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/agent-base/-/agent-base-6.0.2.tgz",
@@ -1133,6 +1287,13 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/chalk/ansi-styles?sponsor=1"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/argparse": {
+      "version": "2.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/argparse/-/argparse-2.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-8+9WqebbFzpX9OR+Wa6O29asIogeRMzcGtAINdpMHHyAg10f05aSFVBbcEqGf/PXw1EjAZ+q2/bEBg3DvurK3Q==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "Python-2.0"
+    },
     "node_modules/async-validator": {
       "version": "4.2.5",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/async-validator/-/async-validator-4.2.5.tgz",
@@ -1157,6 +1318,19 @@
         "proxy-from-env": "^2.1.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/braces": {
+      "version": "3.0.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/braces/-/braces-3.0.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-yQbXgO/OSZVD2IsiLlro+7Hf6Q18EJrKSEsdoMzKePKXct3gvD8oLcOQdIzGupr5Fj+EDe8gO/lxc1BzfMpxvA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "fill-range": "^7.1.1"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/call-bind-apply-helpers": {
       "version": "1.0.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/call-bind-apply-helpers/-/call-bind-apply-helpers-1.0.2.tgz",
@@ -1220,6 +1394,13 @@
         "node": ">= 0.8"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/confbox": {
+      "version": "0.1.8",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/confbox/-/confbox-0.1.8.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-RMtmw0iFkeR4YV+fUOSucriAQNb9g8zFR52MWCtl+cCZOFRNL6zeB395vPzFhEjjn4fMxXudmELnl/KF/WrK6w==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/csstype": {
       "version": "3.2.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/csstype/-/csstype-3.2.3.tgz",
@@ -1425,12 +1606,152 @@
         "@esbuild/win32-x64": "0.21.5"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/escodegen": {
+      "version": "2.1.0",
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/fastq/-/fastq-1.20.1.tgz",
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/fill-range/-/fill-range-7.1.1.tgz",
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     "node_modules/find-up": {
       "version": "4.1.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/find-up/-/find-up-4.1.0.tgz",
@@ -1614,6 +1935,16 @@
         "node": ">= 6"
       }
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+      "version": "2.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/is-extglob/-/is-extglob-2.1.1.tgz",
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+      "license": "MIT",
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       "version": "3.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/is-fullwidth-code-point/-/is-fullwidth-code-point-3.0.0.tgz",
@@ -1623,6 +1954,84 @@
         "node": ">=8"
       }
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/is-glob/-/is-glob-4.0.3.tgz",
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/is-number/-/is-number-7.0.0.tgz",
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+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=0.12.0"
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+    "node_modules/js-yaml": {
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/js-yaml/-/js-yaml-4.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-1td788aAnnZ5qs7V2QIRl1owjtYpbKt749Y3xauqQgwIIGF/xXWz1wMTEBx5O3LK3lXLVuqXPdPxj2BoFHaW9Q==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/puzrin"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/nodeca"
+        }
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+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
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+      "bin": {
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/json5/-/json5-2.2.3.tgz",
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+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "bin": {
+        "json5": "lib/cli.js"
+      },
+      "engines": {
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+    "node_modules/jsonc-eslint-parser": {
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/jsonc-eslint-parser/-/jsonc-eslint-parser-2.4.2.tgz",
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+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "acorn": "^8.5.0",
+        "eslint-visitor-keys": "^3.0.0",
+        "espree": "^9.0.0",
+        "semver": "^7.3.5"
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       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/locate-path/-/locate-path-5.0.0.tgz",
@@ -1682,6 +2091,43 @@
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       "license": "MIT"
     },
+    "node_modules/merge2": {
+      "version": "1.4.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/merge2/-/merge2-1.4.1.tgz",
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+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 8"
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+    },
+    "node_modules/micromatch": {
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/micromatch/-/micromatch-4.0.8.tgz",
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+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "braces": "^3.0.3",
+        "picomatch": "^2.3.1"
+      },
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+    },
+    "node_modules/micromatch/node_modules/picomatch": {
+      "version": "2.3.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/picomatch/-/picomatch-2.3.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-V7+vQEJ06Z+c5tSye8S+nHUfI51xoXIXjHQ99cQtKUkQqqO1kO/KCJUfZXuB47h/YBlDhah2H3hdUGXn8ie0oA==",
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+      "license": "MIT",
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     "node_modules/mime-db": {
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       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/mime-db/-/mime-db-1.52.0.tgz",
@@ -1703,6 +2149,26 @@
         "node": ">= 0.6"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/mlly": {
+      "version": "1.8.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/mlly/-/mlly-1.8.2.tgz",
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+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "acorn": "^8.16.0",
+        "pathe": "^2.0.3",
+        "pkg-types": "^1.3.1",
+        "ufo": "^1.6.3"
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+    "node_modules/mlly/node_modules/pathe": {
+      "version": "2.0.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/pathe/-/pathe-2.0.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-WUjGcAqP1gQacoQe+OBJsFA7Ld4DyXuUIjZ5cc75cLHvJ7dtNsTugphxIADwspS+AraAUePCKrSVtPLFj/F88w==",
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+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
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       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/ms/-/ms-2.1.3.tgz",
@@ -1778,12 +2244,51 @@
         "node": ">=8"
       }
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+    "node_modules/pathe": {
+      "version": "1.1.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/pathe/-/pathe-1.1.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-whLdWMYL2TwI08hn8/ZqAbrVemu0LNaNNJZX73O6qaIdCTfXutsLhMkjdENX0qhsQ9uIimo4/aQOmXkoon2nDQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/picocolors": {
       "version": "1.1.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/picocolors/-/picocolors-1.1.1.tgz",
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       "license": "ISC"
     },
+    "node_modules/picomatch": {
+      "version": "4.0.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/picomatch/-/picomatch-4.0.5.tgz",
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+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=12"
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+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/jonschlinkert"
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+    "node_modules/pkg-types": {
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+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/pkg-types/-/pkg-types-1.3.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-/Jm5M4RvtBFVkKWRu2BLUTNP8/M2a+UwuAX+ae4770q1qVGtfjG+WTCupoZixokjmHiry8uI+dlY8KXYV5HVVQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
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+        "mlly": "^1.7.4",
+        "pathe": "^2.0.1"
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+      "version": "2.0.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/pathe/-/pathe-2.0.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-WUjGcAqP1gQacoQe+OBJsFA7Ld4DyXuUIjZ5cc75cLHvJ7dtNsTugphxIADwspS+AraAUePCKrSVtPLFj/F88w==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/pngjs": {
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       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/pngjs/-/pngjs-5.0.0.tgz",
@@ -1847,6 +2352,27 @@
         "node": ">=10.13.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/queue-microtask": {
+      "version": "1.2.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/queue-microtask/-/queue-microtask-1.2.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-NuaNSa6flKT5JaSYQzJok04JzTL1CA6aGhv5rfLW3PgqA+M2ChpZQnAC8h8i4ZFkBS8X5RqkDBHA7r4hej3K9A==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "funding": [
+        {
+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/feross"
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+          "url": "https://www.patreon.com/feross"
+        },
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+          "type": "consulting",
+          "url": "https://feross.org/support"
+        }
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/require-directory": {
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       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/require-directory/-/require-directory-2.1.1.tgz",
@@ -1862,6 +2388,17 @@
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       "license": "ISC"
     },
+    "node_modules/reusify": {
+      "version": "1.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/reusify/-/reusify-1.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-g6QUff04oZpHs0eG5p83rFLhHeV00ug/Yf9nZM6fLeUrPguBTkTQOdpAWWspMh55TZfVQDPaN3NQJfbVRAxdIw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "iojs": ">=1.0.0",
+        "node": ">=0.10.0"
+      }
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     "node_modules/rollup": {
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       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/rollup/-/rollup-4.62.2.tgz",
@@ -1907,12 +2444,60 @@
         "fsevents": "~2.3.2"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/run-parallel": {
+      "version": "1.2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/run-parallel/-/run-parallel-1.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5l4VyZR86LZ/lDxZTR6jqL8AFE2S0IFLMP26AbjsLVADxHdhB/c0GUsH+y39UfCi3dzz8OlQuPmnaJOMoDHQBA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "funding": [
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+          "type": "github",
+          "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/feross"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "patreon",
+          "url": "https://www.patreon.com/feross"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "consulting",
+          "url": "https://feross.org/support"
+        }
+      ],
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "queue-microtask": "^1.2.2"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/semver": {
+      "version": "7.8.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/semver/-/semver-7.8.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Y7/KDsb8LjooZpwaqGyulO6DQlksgCncchHGk+sZIY4SBvUocMBEFH5Ur1fI4dV+Jvl0w6cjvucaIi40puRioA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "ISC",
+      "bin": {
+        "semver": "bin/semver.js"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
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       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/set-blocking/-/set-blocking-2.0.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-KiKBS8AnWGEyLzofFfmvKwpdPzqiy16LvQfK3yv/fVH7Bj13/wl3JSR1J+rfgRE9q7xUJK4qvgS8raSOeLUehw==",
       "license": "ISC"
     },
+    "node_modules/source-map": {
+      "version": "0.6.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/source-map/-/source-map-0.6.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-UjgapumWlbMhkBgzT7Ykc5YXUT46F0iKu8SGXq0bcwP5dz/h0Plj6enJqjz1Zbq2l5WaqYnrVbwWOWMyF3F47g==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
+      "optional": true,
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=0.10.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/source-map-js": {
       "version": "1.2.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/source-map-js/-/source-map-js-1.2.1.tgz",
@@ -1948,12 +2533,46 @@
         "node": ">=8"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/to-regex-range": {
+      "version": "5.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/to-regex-range/-/to-regex-range-5.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-65P7iz6X5yEr1cwcgvQxbbIw7Uk3gOy5dIdtZ4rDveLqhrdJP+Li/Hx6tyK0NEb+2GCyneCMJiGqrADCSNk8sQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "is-number": "^7.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=8.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/tslib": {
       "version": "2.3.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/tslib/-/tslib-2.3.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-N82ooyxVNm6h1riLCoyS9e3fuJ3AMG2zIZs2Gd1ATcSFjSA23Q0fzjjZeh0jbJvWVDZ0cJT8yaNNaaXHzueNjg==",
       "license": "0BSD"
     },
+    "node_modules/ufo": {
+      "version": "1.6.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/ufo/-/ufo-1.6.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-JFNbkD1Svwe0KvGi8GOeLcP4kAWQ609twvCdcHxq1oSL8svv39ZuSvajcD8B+5D0eL4+s1Is2D/O6KN3qcTeRA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/unplugin": {
+      "version": "1.16.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/unplugin/-/unplugin-1.16.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-4/u/j4FrCKdi17jaxuJA0jClGxB1AvU2hw/IuayPc4ay1XGaJs/rbb4v5WKwAjNifjmXK9PIFyuPiaK8azyR9w==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "acorn": "^8.14.0",
+        "webpack-virtual-modules": "^0.6.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=14.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/vite": {
       "version": "5.4.21",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/vite/-/vite-5.4.21.tgz",
@@ -2077,6 +2696,13 @@
         "vue": "^3.5.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/webpack-virtual-modules": {
+      "version": "0.6.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/webpack-virtual-modules/-/webpack-virtual-modules-0.6.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-66/V2i5hQanC51vBQKPH4aI8NMAcBW59FVBs+rC7eGHupMyfn34q7rZIE+ETlJ+XTevqfUhVVBgSUNSW2flEUQ==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/which-module": {
       "version": "2.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/which-module/-/which-module-2.0.1.tgz",
@@ -2103,6 +2729,39 @@
       "integrity": "sha512-JKhqTOwSrqNA1NY5lSztJ1GrBiUodLMmIZuLiDaMRJ+itFd+ABVE8XBjOvIWL+rSqNDC74LCSFmlb/U4UZ4hJQ==",
       "license": "ISC"
     },
+    "node_modules/yaml": {
+      "version": "2.9.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/yaml/-/yaml-2.9.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-2AvhNX3mb8zd6Zy7INTtSpl1F15HW6Wnqj0srWlkKLcpYl/gMIMJiyuGq2KeI2YFxUPjdlB+3Lc10seMLtL4cA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "ISC",
+      "bin": {
+        "yaml": "bin.mjs"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 14.6"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/eemeli"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/yaml-eslint-parser": {
+      "version": "1.3.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/yaml-eslint-parser/-/yaml-eslint-parser-1.3.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-odxVsHAkZYYglR30aPYRY4nUGJnoJ2y1ww2HDvZALo0BDETv9kWbi16J52eHs+PWRNmF4ub6nZqfVOeesOvntg==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "eslint-visitor-keys": "^3.0.0",
+        "yaml": "^2.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^14.17.0 || >=16.0.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ota-meshi"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/yargs": {
       "version": "15.4.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmmirror.com/yargs/-/yargs-15.4.1.tgz",
diff --git a/frontend/package.json b/frontend/package.json
index d9e80b3..a1bee67 100644
--- a/frontend/package.json
+++ b/frontend/package.json
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
     "vue-router": "^4.4.5"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
+    "@intlify/unplugin-vue-i18n": "4.0.0",
     "@vitejs/plugin-vue": "^5.1.4",
     "vite": "^5.4.10"
   }
diff --git a/frontend/src/locales/en-US.json b/frontend/src/locales/en-US.json
index 4301cc7..c7b1e59 100644
--- a/frontend/src/locales/en-US.json
+++ b/frontend/src/locales/en-US.json
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
     "passwordLabel": "Password",
     "passwordPlaceholder": "Enter password",
     "loginButton": "Sign In",
-    "defaultAccount": "Default account: <strong>admin / admin123</strong> — please change password after first login",
+    "defaultAccount": "Default account: {account} — please change password after first login",
     "errorEmpty": "Please enter username and password",
     "loginSuccess": "Login successful",
     "changePasswordFirst": "Please change your password first",
@@ -279,14 +279,22 @@
     "roleOperator": "Operator",
     "roleViewer": "Viewer",
     "noUsers": "No users yet",
-    "ldapTitle": "LDAP Identity Source",
+    "ldapTitle": "LDAP / Active Directory",
     "ldapHint": "LDAP users can be auto-synced on first login, or pre-imported using the \"LDAP Import\" on the left.",
-    "ldapUrl": "LDAP URL",
-    "bindDn": "Bind DN",
-    "bindPassword": "Bind Password",
+    "ldapConfigHint": "Configure an LDAP server for centralized identity authentication",
+    "ldapEnabled": "Enable LDAP",
+    "ldapServerAddress": "LDAP Server Address",
+    "ldapServerAddressPlaceholder": "e.g. 8.217.205.92 or ldap.example.com",
+    "ldapPort": "Port",
+    "ldapProtocol": "Protocol",
+    "ldapProtocolLDAPS": "LDAPS (Recommended)",
+    "ldapProtocolLDAP": "LDAP",
+    "bindDn": "Administrator Bind DN",
+    "bindPassword": "Administrator Password",
     "keepOriginal": "Leave empty to keep original",
-    "baseDn": "Base DN",
-    "userFilter": "User Filter",
+    "baseDn": "Base DN (User Search Base)",
+    "userFilter": "Search Filter (optional; %s is the username)",
+    "enableLdaps": "Enable LDAPS (SSL encryption)",
     "usernameAttr": "Username Attribute",
     "testConnection": "Test Connection",
     "editUser": "Edit User",
@@ -320,6 +328,7 @@
     "ldapLoadFailed": "LDAP load failed",
     "ldapConfigSaved": "LDAP configuration saved",
     "ldapConnected": "LDAP connection successful",
+    "ldapTestRequired": "Test the LDAP connection successfully before saving",
     "ldapConnectFailed": "Connection failed",
     "emptyUsername": "(empty)",
     "errorDetails": "Error details:"
@@ -502,8 +511,9 @@
   "plugins": {
     "title": "Custom Protocol Plugins",
     "registerPlugin": "Register Plugin",
-    "pluginHint": "Plugins implement the unified protocol contract via <b>command hooks</b>: the platform pipes tunnel config JSON to hook commands via stdin.",
-    "pluginContract": "Contract: <code>Create / Start / Stop / Status / Config</code>; Status hook outputs <code>running</code> or <code>stopped</code> on stdout; Config hook outputs client config text.",
+    "commandHooks": "command hooks",
+    "pluginHint": "Plugins implement the unified protocol contract via {hooks}: the platform pipes tunnel config JSON to hook commands via stdin.",
+    "pluginContract": "Contract: {contract}; Status hook outputs {running} or {stopped} on stdout; Config hook outputs client config text.",
     "protocolId": "Protocol ID",
     "enabled": "Enabled",
     "disabled": "Disabled",
@@ -1024,4 +1034,4 @@
       }
     }
   }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/locales/zh-CN.json b/frontend/src/locales/zh-CN.json
index eb9a87f..53283c6 100644
--- a/frontend/src/locales/zh-CN.json
+++ b/frontend/src/locales/zh-CN.json
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
     "passwordLabel": "密码",
     "passwordPlaceholder": "请输入密码",
     "loginButton": "登 录",
-    "defaultAccount": "默认账号 <strong>admin / admin123</strong>，登录后请立即修改",
+    "defaultAccount": "默认账号 {account}，登录后请立即修改",
     "errorEmpty": "请输入用户名和密码",
     "loginSuccess": "登录成功",
     "changePasswordFirst": "首次登录请先修改密码",
@@ -279,14 +279,22 @@
     "roleOperator": "运维",
     "roleViewer": "只读",
     "noUsers": "还没有用户",
-    "ldapTitle": "LDAP 身份源",
+    "ldapTitle": "LDAP / Active Directory",
     "ldapHint": "LDAP 用户可首次登录后自动同步，也可使用左侧「LDAP 导入」预先添加。",
-    "ldapUrl": "LDAP URL",
-    "bindDn": "Bind DN",
-    "bindPassword": "Bind 密码",
+    "ldapConfigHint": "配置 LDAP 服务器，实现统一身份认证",
+    "ldapEnabled": "启用 LDAP",
+    "ldapServerAddress": "LDAP 服务器地址",
+    "ldapServerAddressPlaceholder": "例如 8.217.205.92 或 ldap.example.com",
+    "ldapPort": "端口",
+    "ldapProtocol": "连接协议",
+    "ldapProtocolLDAPS": "LDAPS（推荐）",
+    "ldapProtocolLDAP": "LDAP",
+    "bindDn": "管理员 Bind DN",
+    "bindPassword": "管理员密码",
     "keepOriginal": "留空保持原值",
-    "baseDn": "Base DN",
-    "userFilter": "用户过滤",
+    "baseDn": "Base DN（用户搜索基础）",
+    "userFilter": "搜索过滤器（可选，%s 表示用户名）",
+    "enableLdaps": "启用 LDAPS（SSL 加密）",
     "usernameAttr": "用户名属性",
     "testConnection": "测试连接",
     "editUser": "编辑用户",
@@ -320,6 +328,7 @@
     "ldapLoadFailed": "LDAP 加载失败",
     "ldapConfigSaved": "LDAP 配置已保存",
     "ldapConnected": "LDAP 连接成功",
+    "ldapTestRequired": "请先测试 LDAP 连接，通过后才能保存",
     "ldapConnectFailed": "连接失败",
     "emptyUsername": "(空)",
     "errorDetails": "失败详情："
@@ -502,8 +511,9 @@
   "plugins": {
     "title": "自定义协议插件",
     "registerPlugin": "注册插件",
-    "pluginHint": "插件通过<b>命令钩子</b>实现统一协议契约：平台将专线配置 JSON 通过 stdin 传给钩子命令。",
-    "pluginContract": "契约：<code>Create / Start / Stop / Status / Config</code>；Status 钩子 stdout 输出 <code>running</code> 或 <code>stopped</code>；Config 钩子 stdout 输出客户端配置文本。",
+    "commandHooks": "命令钩子",
+    "pluginHint": "插件通过 {hooks} 实现统一协议契约：平台将专线配置 JSON 通过 stdin 传给钩子命令。",
+    "pluginContract": "契约：{contract}；Status 钩子 stdout 输出 {running} 或 {stopped}；Config 钩子 stdout 输出客户端配置文本。",
     "protocolId": "协议标识",
     "enabled": "启用",
     "disabled": "停用",
@@ -1024,4 +1034,4 @@
       }
     }
   }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/Login.vue b/frontend/src/views/Login.vue
index 53dfca5..48c56af 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/Login.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/Login.vue
@@ -72,7 +72,9 @@
         </form>
 
         <div class="login-footer">
-          <p v-html="$t('login.defaultAccount')"></p>
+          <i18n-t keypath="login.defaultAccount" tag="p">
+            <template #account><strong>admin / admin123</strong></template>
+          </i18n-t>
         </div>
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/Plugins.vue b/frontend/src/views/Plugins.vue
index 03c29df..1081dbd 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/Plugins.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/Plugins.vue
@@ -8,8 +8,14 @@
         </div>
       </template>
       <el-alert type="info" :closable="false" style="margin-bottom:14px">
-        <p style="margin:0" v-html="$t('plugins.pluginHint')"></p>
-        <p style="margin:4px 0 0;font-size:12px" v-html="$t('plugins.pluginContract')"></p>
+        <i18n-t keypath="plugins.pluginHint" tag="p" style="margin:0">
+          <template #hooks><b>{{ $t('plugins.commandHooks') }}</b></template>
+        </i18n-t>
+        <i18n-t keypath="plugins.pluginContract" tag="p" style="margin:4px 0 0;font-size:12px">
+          <template #contract><code>Create / Start / Stop / Status / Config</code></template>
+          <template #running><code>running</code></template>
+          <template #stopped><code>stopped</code></template>
+        </i18n-t>
       </el-alert>
       <el-table :data="plugins" size="default" v-loading="loading">
         <el-table-column prop="display_name" :label="$t('common.name')" width="160" />
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/Users.vue b/frontend/src/views/Users.vue
index 7495646..2045758 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/Users.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/Users.vue
@@ -46,20 +46,28 @@
 
     <el-col :xs="24" :lg="9">
       <el-card class="page-card" shadow="never">
-        <template #header><b>{{ $t('users.ldapTitle') }}</b></template>
-        <el-alert type="info" :closable="false"
-                  :title="$t('users.ldapHint')" style="margin-bottom:12px" />
-        <el-form label-width="90px" size="small">
-          <el-form-item :label="$t('common.enabled')"><el-switch v-model="ldap.enabled" /></el-form-item>
-          <el-form-item :label="$t('users.ldapUrl')"><el-input v-model="ldap.url" placeholder="ldaps://ldap.example.com:636" /></el-form-item>
-          <el-form-item :label="$t('users.bindDn')"><el-input v-model="ldap.bind_dn" /></el-form-item>
+        <template #header>
+          <div>
+            <b>{{ $t('users.ldapTitle') }}</b>
+            <div style="margin-top:4px;font-size:12px;color:var(--text-secondary)">{{ $t('users.ldapConfigHint') }}</div>
+          </div>
+        </template>
+        <el-form label-width="112px" size="small">
+          <el-form-item :label="$t('users.ldapEnabled')"><el-switch v-model="ldap.enabled" /></el-form-item>
+          <el-form-item :label="$t('users.ldapServerAddress')">
+            <el-input v-model.trim="ldap.url" :placeholder="$t('users.ldapServerAddressPlaceholder')" />
+          </el-form-item>
+          <el-form-item :label="$t('users.ldapPort')">
+            <el-input-number v-model="ldapPort" :min="1" :max="65535" :controls="false" style="width:100%" />
+          </el-form-item>
+          <el-form-item :label="$t('users.baseDn')"><el-input v-model.trim="ldap.base_dn" placeholder="dc=opsx,dc=vip" /></el-form-item>
+          <el-form-item :label="$t('users.bindDn')"><el-input v-model.trim="ldap.bind_dn" placeholder="cn=admin,dc=opsx,dc=vip" /></el-form-item>
           <el-form-item :label="$t('users.bindPassword')"><el-input v-model="ldap.bind_password" type="password" show-password :placeholder="$t('users.keepOriginal')" /></el-form-item>
-          <el-form-item :label="$t('users.baseDn')"><el-input v-model="ldap.base_dn" placeholder="dc=example,dc=com" /></el-form-item>
-          <el-form-item :label="$t('users.userFilter')"><el-input v-model="ldap.user_filter" placeholder="(objectClass=inetOrgPerson)" /></el-form-item>
-          <el-form-item :label="$t('users.usernameAttr')"><el-input v-model="ldap.username_attribute" placeholder="uid" /></el-form-item>
+          <el-form-item :label="$t('users.userFilter')"><el-input v-model.trim="ldap.user_filter" placeholder="(uid=%s)" /></el-form-item>
+          <el-form-item :label="$t('users.enableLdaps')"><el-switch v-model="ldapUseLDAPS" /></el-form-item>
           <div style="text-align:right">
-            <el-button @click="testLDAP">{{ $t('users.testConnection') }}</el-button>
-            <el-button type="primary" @click="saveLDAP">{{ $t('common.save') }}</el-button>
+            <el-button :loading="ldapTesting" @click="testLDAP">{{ $t('users.testConnection') }}</el-button>
+            <el-button type="primary" :disabled="ldap.enabled && !ldapTested" :title="ldap.enabled && !ldapTested ? $t('users.ldapTestRequired') : ''" @click="saveLDAP">{{ $t('common.save') }}</el-button>
           </div>
         </el-form>
       </el-card>
@@ -147,7 +155,7 @@
 </template>
 
 <script setup>
-import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue'
+import { ref, onMounted, watch } from 'vue'
 import { ElMessage, ElMessageBox } from 'element-plus'
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import api, { auth } from '../api'
@@ -163,6 +171,10 @@ const ldap = ref({
   base_dn: '', user_filter: '(objectClass=inetOrgPerson)', username_attribute: 'uid',
   start_tls: false,
 })
+const ldapUseLDAPS = ref(false)
+const ldapPort = ref(389)
+const ldapTested = ref(false)
+const ldapTesting = ref(false)
 
 // 批量导入
 const batchVisible = ref(false)
@@ -183,6 +195,13 @@ async function load() {
     const [u, l] = await Promise.all([api.get('/users'), api.get('/ldap')])
     users.value = u.data || []
     if (l.data) {
+      const savedAddress = String(l.data.url || '').trim()
+      const protocolMatch = savedAddress.match(/^(ldap|ldaps):\/\/(\[[^\]]+\]|[^/:]+)(?::(\d+))?$/i)
+      if (protocolMatch) {
+        ldapUseLDAPS.value = protocolMatch[1].toLowerCase() === 'ldaps'
+        l.data.url = protocolMatch[2].replace(/^\[|\]$/g, '')
+        ldapPort.value = Number(protocolMatch[3]) || (ldapUseLDAPS.value ? 636 : 389)
+      }
       ldap.value = { ...ldap.value, ...l.data, bind_password: '' }
     }
   } catch (e) {
@@ -190,6 +209,20 @@ async function load() {
   } finally { loading.value = false }
 }
 
+function ldapPayload() {
+  const address = ldap.value.url.trim()
+  const host = address.includes(':') && !address.startsWith('[') ? `[${address}]` : address
+  const port = Number(ldapPort.value)
+  const protocol = ldapUseLDAPS.value ? 'ldaps' : 'ldap'
+  return { ...ldap.value, url: address && port >= 1 && port <= 65535 ? `${protocol}://${host}:${port}` : '' }
+}
+
+watch(ldapUseLDAPS, (useLDAPS, previousUseLDAPS) => {
+  const previousPort = previousUseLDAPS ? 636 : 389
+  if (ldapPort.value === previousPort) ldapPort.value = useLDAPS ? 636 : 389
+})
+watch([ldap, ldapUseLDAPS, ldapPort], () => { ldapTested.value = false }, { deep: true })
+
 // ---- 单用户 CRUD ----
 function openCreate() {
   editing.value = null
@@ -290,16 +323,22 @@ async function doLDAPImport() {
 // ---- LDAP 配置 ----
 async function saveLDAP() {
   try {
-    await api.put('/ldap', ldap.value)
+    if (ldap.value.enabled && !ldapTested.value) return ElMessage.warning(t('users.ldapTestRequired'))
+    await api.put('/ldap', ldapPayload())
     ldap.value.bind_password = ''
     ElMessage.success(t('users.ldapConfigSaved'))
   } catch (e) { ElMessage.error(e.response?.data?.error || t('common.saveFailed')) }
 }
 async function testLDAP() {
+  ldapTesting.value = true
   try {
-    await api.post('/ldap/test')
+    await api.post('/ldap/test', ldapPayload())
+    ldapTested.value = true
     ElMessage.success(t('users.ldapConnected'))
-  } catch (e) { ElMessage.error(e.response?.data?.error || t('users.ldapConnectFailed')) }
+  } catch (e) {
+    ldapTested.value = false
+    ElMessage.error(e.response?.data?.error || t('users.ldapConnectFailed'))
+  } finally { ldapTesting.value = false }
 }
 
 onMounted(load)
diff --git a/frontend/vite.config.js b/frontend/vite.config.js
index 1f9a7f3..bed0851 100644
--- a/frontend/vite.config.js
+++ b/frontend/vite.config.js
@@ -1,8 +1,17 @@
 import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
 import vue from '@vitejs/plugin-vue'
+import VueI18nPlugin from '@intlify/unplugin-vue-i18n/vite'
+import { fileURLToPath, URL } from 'node:url'
 
 export default defineConfig({
-  plugins: [vue()],
+  plugins: [
+    vue(),
+    VueI18nPlugin({
+      include: [fileURLToPath(new URL('./src/locales/**', import.meta.url))],
+      runtimeOnly: true,
+      jitCompilation: false,
+    }),
+  ],
   server: {
     port: 5173,
     proxy: { '/api': 'http://localhost:8080' }