opsx-vpn/backend/internal/service/l2tp/l2tp.go

// Package l2tp 实现 L2TP/IPSec 接入管理（StrongSwan + xl2tpd），兼容手机/老设备。
package l2tp

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/netip"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"

	"vpn-platform/backend/internal/core"
	"vpn-platform/backend/internal/model"
	"vpn-platform/backend/internal/service"
	"vpn-platform/backend/internal/store"
)

type Service struct{}

func New() *Service { return &Service{} }

func (s *Service) Name() string        { return "l2tp" }
func (s *Service) DisplayName() string { return "L2TP/IPSec" }

func (s *Service) Available() (bool, string) {
	_, hasSwan := service.LookBin("swanctl", "ipsec")
	_, hasL2tp := service.LookBin("xl2tpd")
	if hasSwan && hasL2tp {
		return true, "strongSwan + xl2tpd"
	}
	return false, "未检测到 strongSwan/xl2tpd，可生成配置但无法启动"
}

func (s *Service) Validate(cfg map[string]interface{}) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
	out := map[string]interface{}{}
	for k, v := range cfg {
		out[k] = v
	}
	if service.Str(out, "ip_range") == "" {
		out["ip_range"] = "10.9.0.100-10.9.0.200"
	}
	if service.Str(out, "local_ip") == "" {
		out["local_ip"] = "10.9.0.1"
	}
	if service.Str(out, "dns") == "" {
		out["dns"] = "223.5.5.5"
	}
	if service.Str(out, "ike_proposal") == "" {
		out["ike_proposal"] = "aes256-sha256-modp2048,aes128-sha1-modp1024"
	}
	if service.Str(out, "esp_proposal") == "" {
		out["esp_proposal"] = "aes256-sha256,aes128-sha1"
	}
	local, err := netip.ParseAddr(service.Str(out, "local_ip"))
	if err != nil || !local.Is4() {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("local_ip 必须是 IPv4 地址")
	}
	start, end, err := parseIPRange(service.Str(out, "ip_range"))
	if err != nil || !start.Is4() || !end.Is4() || start.Compare(end) > 0 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ip_range 必须是递增的 IPv4 地址范围")
	}
	if local.Compare(start) >= 0 && local.Compare(end) <= 0 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("local_ip 不能落在拨号客户端 ip_range 内")
	}
	if service.Str(out, "client_subnet") == "" {
		out["client_subnet"] = netip.PrefixFrom(start, 24).Masked().String()
	}
	prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(service.Str(out, "client_subnet"))
	if err != nil || !prefix.Addr().Is4() || !prefix.Contains(start) || !prefix.Contains(end) {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("client_subnet 必须覆盖整个 ip_range")
	}
	if username := service.Str(out, "username"); username != "" && strings.ContainsAny(username, " \t\r\n\"") {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("username 不能包含空白或引号")
	}
	for _, key := range []string{"ike_proposal", "esp_proposal"} {
		if strings.ContainsAny(service.Str(out, key), "\r\n{}\"") {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s 包含配置文件不允许的字符", key)
		}
	}
	return out, nil
}

func parseIPRange(raw string) (netip.Addr, netip.Addr, error) {
	parts := strings.Split(raw, "-")
	if len(parts) != 2 {
		return netip.Addr{}, netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("格式应为 起始IP-结束IP")
	}
	start, err := netip.ParseAddr(strings.TrimSpace(parts[0]))
	if err != nil {
		return netip.Addr{}, netip.Addr{}, err
	}
	end, err := netip.ParseAddr(strings.TrimSpace(parts[1]))
	return start, end, err
}

func (s *Service) Create(t *model.Tunnel) error {
	cfg, err := store.TunnelConfig(t)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	secrets, _ := store.TunnelSecrets(t)
	if psk := service.Str(cfg, "psk"); psk != "" {
		secrets["psk"] = psk
	} else if service.Str(secrets, "psk") == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("缺少 IPSec 预共享密钥 psk")
	}
	username := service.StrOr(cfg, "username", "vpnuser")
	if pw := service.Str(cfg, "password"); pw != "" {
		secrets["password"] = pw
	}
	// 允许仅依赖拨号用户表（VPNUser）而无隧道级默认密码。
	dialUsers, err := loadDialUsers(t.ID)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if service.Str(secrets, "password") == "" && len(dialUsers) == 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("缺少拨号密码：请填写隧道默认 password，或在「VPN 拨号用户」中添加本隧道用户")
	}

	// 1) IPSec 层（transport 模式，L2TP over IPSec）
	swanConf := fmt.Sprintf(`connections {
    l2tp-%d {
        type = transport
        proposals = %s
        local { auth = psk }
        remote { auth = psk }
        children {
            l2tp-child-%d {
                local_ts = dynamic[udp/l2tp]
                remote_ts = dynamic[udp/l2tp]
                esp_proposals = %s
                start_action = trap
            }
        }
    }
}
secrets {
    ike-l2tp-%d {
        secret = %s
    }
}
`, t.ID, service.Str(cfg, "ike_proposal"), t.ID, service.Str(cfg, "esp_proposal"), t.ID, strconv.Quote(service.Str(secrets, "psk")))

	// 2) L2TP 层
	xl2tpdConf := fmt.Sprintf(`[global]
port = 1701
access control = yes
auth file = %s/chap-secrets

[lns default]
ip range = %s
local ip = %s
require chap = yes
refuse pap = yes
require authentication = yes
name = opsx-l2tp-%d
ppp debug = no
pppoptfile = %s/ppp-options
length bit = yes
`, service.InstanceDir(t), service.Str(cfg, "ip_range"), service.Str(cfg, "local_ip"), t.ID, service.InstanceDir(t))

	pppOpts := fmt.Sprintf(`ms-dns %s
asyncmap 0
auth
ipcp-accept-local
ipcp-accept-remote
nodefaultroute
crtscts
lock
hide-password
modem
debug
name l2tpd
proxyarp
lcp-echo-interval 30
lcp-echo-failure 4
mtu 1400
mru 1400
require-mschap-v2
`, service.Str(cfg, "dns"))

	chapSecrets := buildChapSecrets(username, service.Str(secrets, "password"), dialUsers)

	for name, content := range map[string]string{
		"swanctl-l2tp.conf": swanConf,
		"xl2tpd.conf":       xl2tpdConf,
		"ppp-options":       pppOpts,
		"chap-secrets":      chapSecrets,
	} {
		if _, err := service.WriteConfig(t, name, content); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	public, sec := service.MergeSecrets(cfg, "psk", "password")
	for k, v := range secrets {
		sec[k] = v
	}
	return service.SaveTunnelConfig(t, public, sec)
}

// RefreshAuth rewrites chap-secrets after VPN dial users change.
func (s *Service) RefreshAuth(t *model.Tunnel) error {
	return s.Create(t)
}

type dialUser struct {
	Username string
	Password string
}

func loadDialUsers(tunnelID uint) ([]dialUser, error) {
	if store.DB == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}
	var users []model.VPNUser
	if err := store.DB.Where("tunnel_id = ? AND enabled = ? AND source = ?", tunnelID, true, "local").Find(&users).Error; err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out := make([]dialUser, 0, len(users))
	for _, u := range users {
		if u.DialSecret == "" {
			continue
		}
		pw, err := store.DecryptSecret(u.DialSecret)
		if err != nil || pw == "" {
			continue
		}
		out = append(out, dialUser{Username: u.Username, Password: pw})
	}
	return out, nil
}

func buildChapSecrets(defaultUser, defaultPass string, users []dialUser) string {
	var b strings.Builder
	b.WriteString("# client    server          secret          IP addresses\n")
	seen := map[string]bool{}
	if defaultUser != "" && defaultPass != "" {
		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "%s          l2tpd           %s            *\n", defaultUser, strconv.Quote(defaultPass))
		seen[defaultUser] = true
	}
	for _, u := range users {
		if u.Username == "" || u.Password == "" || seen[u.Username] {
			continue
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "%s          l2tpd           %s            *\n", u.Username, strconv.Quote(u.Password))
		seen[u.Username] = true
	}
	return b.String()
}

// GenerateClientConfig 导出客户端接入说明（手机/Windows 手动配置）
func (s *Service) GenerateClientConfig(t *model.Tunnel) (string, error) {
	cfg, err := store.TunnelConfig(t)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	secrets, _ := store.TunnelSecrets(t)
	return fmt.Sprintf(`======== L2TP/IPSec 客户端接入信息 ========

服务器地址 : %s
VPN 类型   : L2TP/IPSec PSK（预共享密钥）
IPSec PSK  : %s
用户名     : %s
密码       : %s

客户端配置指引：
- iOS/macOS  : 设置 → VPN → 添加 L2TP，填入服务器/账号/密码/密钥
- Windows    : 设置 → VPN → L2TP/IPsec 预共享密钥，需注册表开启 NAT-T
- Android    : 部分新机型已移除 L2TP，建议改用 WireGuard
- 路由器     : 选择 L2TP 拨号，填入上述参数
`,
		service.StrOr(cfg, "public_endpoint", "<服务器公网 IP>"),
		secrets["psk"],
		service.StrOr(cfg, "username", "vpnuser"),
		secrets["password"],
	), nil
}

func (s *Service) Start(t *model.Tunnel) error {
	dir := service.InstanceDir(t)
	swanctl, hasSwan := service.LookBin("swanctl")
	xl2tpd, hasL2tp := service.LookBin("xl2tpd")
	if !hasSwan || !hasL2tp {
		return fmt.Errorf("无法启动 L2TP/IPSec：需要 strongSwan（swanctl）和 xl2tpd")
	}
	if err := service.RequireRoot("L2TP/IPSec"); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := service.RequireIPv4Forwarding("L2TP/IPSec"); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if _, err := os.Stat(dir + "/swanctl-l2tp.conf"); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("无法启动 L2TP/IPSec：配置文件不存在，请先重新生成配置: %w", err)
	}
	if err := s.ensureExclusiveListener(t); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := service.RequireUDPPortAvailable(1701, "L2TP/IPSec"); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	cfg, err := store.TunnelConfig(t)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := s.installFirewall(t, cfg); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	_ = s.unload(swanctl, dir+"/swanctl-l2tp.conf")
	if _, err := service.Run(swanctl, "--load-all", "--file", dir+"/swanctl-l2tp.conf"); err != nil {
		_ = s.removeFirewall(t, cfg)
		return err
	}
	if err := service.StartDaemon(t, xl2tpd, "-c", dir+"/xl2tpd.conf", "-p", dir+"/xl2tpd.pid", "-D"); err != nil {
		_ = s.unload(swanctl, dir+"/swanctl-l2tp.conf")
		_ = s.removeFirewall(t, cfg)
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

func (s *Service) Stop(t *model.Tunnel) error {
	var firstErr error
	if bin, ok := service.LookBin("swanctl"); ok {
		_, _ = service.Run(bin, "--terminate", "--ike", fmt.Sprintf("l2tp-%d", t.ID))
		if err := s.unload(bin, service.InstanceDir(t)+"/swanctl-l2tp.conf"); err != nil {
			firstErr = err
		}
	}
	if err := service.KillPid(t); err != nil && firstErr == nil {
		firstErr = err
	}
	if cfg, err := store.TunnelConfig(t); err == nil {
		if err := s.removeFirewall(t, cfg); err != nil && firstErr == nil {
			firstErr = err
		}
	}
	return firstErr
}

func (s *Service) Status(t *model.Tunnel) (core.Status, error) {
	if _, alive := service.ReadPid(t); alive {
		detail := "L2TP 服务正在 UDP 1701 监听，等待客户端连接"
		if _, ok := service.LookBin("xl2tpd"); !ok {
			detail = "托管进程仍在运行，但 xl2tpd 当前不可用"
		}
		if swanctl, ok := service.LookBin("swanctl"); ok {
			if out, err := service.Run(swanctl, "--list-sas"); err == nil && strings.Contains(out, fmt.Sprintf("l2tp-child-%d", t.ID)) {
				detail = "L2TP/IPSec 服务运行中，已有已建立的 IPSec SA"
			}
		}
		return service.NowStatus(true, "running", detail), nil
	}
	if ok, _ := s.Available(); !ok {
		return service.NowStatus(false, "undeployed", "配置已生成，但缺少 strongSwan 或 xl2tpd，尚未部署"), nil
	}
	return service.NowStatus(false, "stopped", "未启动"), nil
}

func (s *Service) Delete(t *model.Tunnel) error { return s.Stop(t) }

// xl2tpd owns a host-wide UDP socket. Independent configs cannot safely share
// it; without this guard a later instance would look started but accept no VPN
// sessions. Network namespaces can deliberately lift this restriction later.
func (s *Service) ensureExclusiveListener(t *model.Tunnel) error {
	var count int64
	if err := store.DB.Model(&model.Tunnel{}).Where("protocol = ? AND state = ? AND id <> ?", "l2tp", "running", t.ID).Count(&count).Error; err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("检查 L2TP 监听冲突失败: %w", err)
	}
	if count > 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("无法启动 L2TP/IPSec：本机已有 L2TP 实例运行；xl2tpd 共享 UDP 1701，每台主机仅支持一个实例")
	}
	return nil
}

func (s *Service) unload(bin, confPath string) error {
	// swanctl reports an error when an object was never loaded.  Treat that as
	// success so Stop/Delete remain idempotent after a partial failed startup.
	_, _ = service.Run(bin, "--unload-conns", "--file", confPath)
	_, _ = service.Run(bin, "--unload-creds", "--file", confPath)
	return nil
}

type firewallRule struct {
	table, chain string
	args         []string
}

func (s *Service) firewallRules(t *model.Tunnel, cfg map[string]interface{}) ([]firewallRule, error) {
	outbound := service.Str(cfg, "outbound_interface")
	if outbound == "" {
		var err error
		outbound, err = service.DefaultRouteInterface()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	comment := fmt.Sprintf("opsx-vpn-l2tp-%d", t.ID)
	return []firewallRule{
		{"filter", "INPUT", []string{"-p", "udp", "--dport", "500", "-m", "comment", "--comment", comment, "-j", "ACCEPT"}},
		{"filter", "INPUT", []string{"-p", "udp", "--dport", "4500", "-m", "comment", "--comment", comment, "-j", "ACCEPT"}},
		{"filter", "INPUT", []string{"-p", "udp", "--dport", "1701", "-m", "comment", "--comment", comment, "-j", "ACCEPT"}},
		{"filter", "INPUT", []string{"-p", "esp", "-m", "comment", "--comment", comment, "-j", "ACCEPT"}},
		{"filter", "FORWARD", []string{"-i", "ppp+", "-m", "comment", "--comment", comment, "-j", "ACCEPT"}},
		{"filter", "FORWARD", []string{"-o", "ppp+", "-m", "conntrack", "--ctstate", "RELATED,ESTABLISHED", "-m", "comment", "--comment", comment, "-j", "ACCEPT"}},
		{"nat", "POSTROUTING", []string{"-s", service.Str(cfg, "client_subnet"), "-o", outbound, "-m", "comment", "--comment", comment, "-j", "MASQUERADE"}},
	}, nil
}

func (s *Service) installFirewall(t *model.Tunnel, cfg map[string]interface{}) error {
	iptables, ok := service.LookBin("iptables")
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Errorf("无法启动 L2TP/IPSec：未检测到 iptables，无法配置防火墙和 NAT")
	}
	rules, err := s.firewallRules(t, cfg)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	for _, rule := range rules {
		prefix := []string{}
		if rule.table != "filter" {
			prefix = append(prefix, "-t", rule.table)
		}
		check := append(append([]string{}, prefix...), "-C", rule.chain)
		check = append(check, rule.args...)
		if _, err := service.Run(iptables, check...); err == nil {
			continue
		}
		add := append(append([]string{}, prefix...), "-A", rule.chain)
		add = append(add, rule.args...)
		if _, err := service.Run(iptables, add...); err != nil {
			_ = s.removeFirewall(t, cfg)
			return fmt.Errorf("无法添加 L2TP/IPSec 防火墙规则: %w", err)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (s *Service) removeFirewall(t *model.Tunnel, cfg map[string]interface{}) error {
	iptables, ok := service.LookBin("iptables")
	if !ok {
		return nil
	}
	rules, err := s.firewallRules(t, cfg)
	if err != nil {
		return nil
	}
	for _, rule := range rules {
		prefix := []string{}
		if rule.table != "filter" {
			prefix = append(prefix, "-t", rule.table)
		}
		for {
			check := append(append([]string{}, prefix...), "-C", rule.chain)
			check = append(check, rule.args...)
			if _, err := service.Run(iptables, check...); err != nil {
				break
			}
			remove := append(append([]string{}, prefix...), "-D", rule.chain)
			remove = append(remove, rule.args...)
			if _, err := service.Run(iptables, remove...); err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("无法移除 L2TP/IPSec 防火墙规则: %w", err)
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}