opsx-vpn/backend/internal/service/openvpn/openvpn.go

// Package openvpn manages a real OpenVPN server, its Easy-RSA PKI and dial-in
// identities.  It never creates a placeholder process when host dependencies
// are missing.
package openvpn

import (
	"crypto/rand"
	"encoding/base64"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"net/url"
	"os"
	"os/exec"
	"path/filepath"
	"regexp"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"syscall"
	"time"

	"github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3"
	"github.com/pquerna/otp"
	"github.com/pquerna/otp/totp"
	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
	"gorm.io/gorm"

	"vpn-platform/backend/internal/core"
	"vpn-platform/backend/internal/ldaputil"
	"vpn-platform/backend/internal/model"
	"vpn-platform/backend/internal/service"
	"vpn-platform/backend/internal/sessionmgr"
	"vpn-platform/backend/internal/store"
)

// TOTP 参数（RFC 6238 标准：sha1 / 30s / 6 位 / base32），兼容主流 Authenticator 应用。
const (
	otpPeriod      = 30
	otpDigits      = 6
	otpDefaultSlop = 90
	pkiExpireDays  = 99 * 365
)

type Service struct{}

var certificateName = regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9_.-]{0,63}$`)

func New() *Service                    { return &Service{} }
func (s *Service) Name() string        { return "openvpn" }
func (s *Service) DisplayName() string { return "OpenVPN" }

// findOpenVPNBin 查找 openvpn 二进制：优先 data/bin/（平台下载），其次 PATH（系统安装）
func findOpenVPNBin() (string, bool) {
	managed := filepath.Join(service.BaseDir(), "bin", "openvpn")
	if fi, err := os.Stat(managed); err == nil && !fi.IsDir() {
		return managed, true
	}
	return service.LookBin("openvpn")
}

func (s *Service) Available() (bool, string) {
	if p, ok := findOpenVPNBin(); ok {
		return true, p
	}
	return false, "未检测到 openvpn 二进制，点击「下载部署」可自动从 GitHub 下载"
}

func (s *Service) Validate(cfg map[string]interface{}) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
	out := service.CloneConfig(cfg)
	if service.Num(out, "port", 0) == 0 {
		out["port"] = 1194
	}
	if p := service.Num(out, "port", 0); p < 1 || p > 65535 || p != float64(int(p)) {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("port 必须是 1-65535 的整数")
	}
	if service.Str(out, "proto") == "" {
		out["proto"] = "tcp-server"
	}
	// 前端/API 可用 udp | tcp | tcp-server；服务端统一写成 udp 或 tcp-server。
	switch strings.ToLower(service.Str(out, "proto")) {
	case "tcp", "tcp-server", "tcp-client":
		out["proto"] = "tcp-server"
	case "udp":
		out["proto"] = "udp"
	default:
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("proto 必须为 udp 或 tcp")
	}
	if service.Str(out, "subnet") == "" {
		out["subnet"] = "10.10.0.0 255.255.255.0"
	}
	if _, _, err := parseSubnet(service.Str(out, "subnet")); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if service.Str(out, "cipher") == "" {
		out["cipher"] = "AES-256-GCM"
	}
	if !regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Za-z0-9-]+$`).MatchString(service.Str(out, "cipher")) {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cipher 非法")
	}
	if service.Str(out, "dns") == "" {
		out["dns"] = service.DefaultDNS()
	}
	if net.ParseIP(service.Str(out, "dns")) == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dns 必须是 IP 地址")
	}
	if service.Str(out, "auth_mode") == "" {
		out["auth_mode"] = "password"
	}
	switch service.Str(out, "auth_mode") {
	case "certificate", "password", "certificate+password", "oidc":
	default:
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("auth_mode 必须为 certificate、password、certificate+password 或 oidc")
	}
	if service.Str(out, "auth_mode") == "oidc" {
		if raw, present := out["feishu_access_mode"]; present {
			if _, ok := raw.(string); !ok {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("feishu_access_mode 必须为字符串")
			}
		}
		mode := service.Str(out, "feishu_access_mode")
		if mode != "" && mode != "all" && mode != "allowlist" {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("feishu_access_mode 必须为 all 或 allowlist")
		}
		if mode == "allowlist" && service.Str(out, "oidc_provider") != "builtin" {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("指定飞书成员仅适用于内置飞书身份服务")
		}
		switch service.Str(out, "oidc_provider") {
		case "", "external", "builtin":
		default:
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("oidc_provider 必须为内置飞书或外部 OIDC")
		}
		for _, key := range []string{"oidc_issuer", "oidc_base_url"} {
			u, err := url.Parse(service.Str(out, key))
			if err != nil || u.Scheme != "https" || u.Hostname() == "" || u.User != nil || u.RawQuery != "" || u.Fragment != "" || (key == "oidc_base_url" && u.Path != "" && u.Path != "/") {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s 必须是无用户信息、查询和片段的 HTTPS 地址；回调地址使用独立公网域名", key)
			}
		}
		if service.Str(out, "oidc_client_id") == "" {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("oidc_client_id 必填")
		}
		if service.Num(out, "oidc_http_port", 0) == 0 {
			out["oidc_http_port"] = 19090
		}
		p := service.Num(out, "oidc_http_port", 0)
		if p < 1024 || p > 65535 || p != float64(int(p)) || p == service.Num(out, "port", 1194) {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("oidc_http_port 必须为 1024-65535 且不与 VPN 端口相同")
		}
		out["mfa_mode"] = "off" // 飞书 MFA 由身份提供方负责
	} else {
		delete(out, "feishu_access_mode")
		for _, key := range []string{"oidc_provider", "oidc_issuer", "oidc_base_url", "oidc_client_id", "oidc_client_secret", "oidc_http_port", "oidc_http_secret", "oidc_management_password"} {
			delete(out, key)
		}
	}
	// MFA 模式：off 关闭；optional 用户启用后校验；required 强制。
	if service.Str(out, "mfa_mode") == "" {
		if service.Bool(out, "require_mfa", false) {
			out["mfa_mode"] = "required"
		} else {
			out["mfa_mode"] = "off"
		}
	}
	switch service.Str(out, "mfa_mode") {
	case "off", "optional", "required":
	default:
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("mfa_mode 必须为 off、optional 或 required")
	}
	if service.Str(out, "mfa_mode") != "off" {
		mode := service.Str(out, "auth_mode")
		if mode != "password" && mode != "certificate+password" {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("启用 MFA 需要认证方式为「仅用户名密码」或「证书 + 密码」")
		}
	}
	// otp_slop：允许时钟偏差秒数（默认 180），换算为 TOTP skew 窗口数。
	if service.Num(out, "otp_slop", 0) == 0 {
		out["otp_slop"] = 90
	}
	if slop := int(service.Num(out, "otp_slop", 90)); slop < 0 || slop > 600 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("otp_slop 必须在 0-600 秒")
	}
	if service.Num(out, "otp_max_failures", 0) == 0 {
		out["otp_max_failures"] = 5
	}
	if service.Num(out, "otp_lockout_sec", 0) == 0 {
		out["otp_lockout_sec"] = 300
	}
	if _, ok := out["otp_disallow_reuse"]; !ok {
		out["otp_disallow_reuse"] = true
	}
	if _, ok := out["otp_password_is_cr"]; !ok {
		// 默认 password_is_cr=1：期望 static-challenge / SCRV1 响应格式。
		out["otp_password_is_cr"] = true
	}
	if normalized, err := normalizePushRoutes(service.Str(out, "push_routes")); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	} else {
		out["push_routes"] = normalized
	}
	if _, ok := out["redirect_gateway"]; !ok {
		// 未填有效路由时默认全流量；只有注释不应改变默认出口。
		routes, _ := parsePushRoutes(service.Str(out, "push_routes"))
		out["redirect_gateway"] = len(routes) == 0
	}
	if _, ok := out["pki_auto_init"]; !ok {
		out["pki_auto_init"] = true
	}
	if _, ok := out["enable_nat"]; !ok {
		out["enable_nat"] = true
	}
	if service.Bool(out, "enable_nat", true) && service.Str(out, "egress_interface") == "" {
		if iface, err := service.DefaultRouteInterface(); err == nil {
			out["egress_interface"] = iface
		}
	}
	// —— 生产 server.conf 常用调优（可借鉴参数）——
	if service.Num(out, "keepalive_interval", 0) == 0 {
		out["keepalive_interval"] = 5 // 生产常见 5 30，比默认 10 120 更灵敏
	}
	if service.Num(out, "keepalive_timeout", 0) == 0 {
		out["keepalive_timeout"] = 30
	}
	ki, kt := int(service.Num(out, "keepalive_interval", 5)), int(service.Num(out, "keepalive_timeout", 30))
	if ki < 1 || ki > 3600 || kt < ki || kt > 7200 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("keepalive 参数无效：interval 1-3600，timeout >= interval 且 ≤7200")
	}
	if service.Num(out, "tun_mtu", 0) == 0 {
		out["tun_mtu"] = 1500
	}
	if mtu := int(service.Num(out, "tun_mtu", 1500)); mtu < 576 || mtu > 9000 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("tun_mtu 必须在 576-9000")
	}
	if service.Num(out, "tun_mtu_extra", 0) == 0 {
		out["tun_mtu_extra"] = 32
	}
	// TCP 场景生产常用 mssfix 1450，避免分片；UDP 也可设。0 表示不写该指令。
	if _, ok := out["mssfix"]; !ok {
		if service.Str(out, "proto") == "tcp-server" {
			out["mssfix"] = 1450
		} else {
			out["mssfix"] = 0
		}
	}
	if mf := int(service.Num(out, "mssfix", 0)); mf != 0 && (mf < 500 || mf > 9000) {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("mssfix 为 0（禁用）或 500-9000")
	}
	if _, ok := out["duplicate_cn"]; !ok {
		// 密码拨号多终端同用户名时生产常开；证书模式默认关（安全）。
		out["duplicate_cn"] = service.Str(out, "auth_mode") == "password" || service.Str(out, "auth_mode") == "oidc"
	}
	if _, ok := out["reneg_sec"]; !ok {
		// 生产常见 reneg-sec 0；MFA/密码场景避免周期性 TLS 重协商。
		if service.Str(out, "auth_mode") != "certificate" || service.Str(out, "mfa_mode") != "off" {
			out["reneg_sec"] = 0
		} else {
			out["reneg_sec"] = 3600
		}
	}
	if rs := int(service.Num(out, "reneg_sec", 0)); rs < 0 || rs > 86400 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("reneg_sec 必须在 0-86400")
	}
	if service.Num(out, "verb", 0) == 0 {
		out["verb"] = 3
	}
	// 可选降权（生产 user openvpn / group openvpn）；空则不写，避免非 root 启动失败。
	for _, key := range []string{"run_as_user", "run_as_group"} {
		if v := service.Str(out, key); v != "" && !regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,32}$`).MatchString(v) {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s 非法", key)
		}
	}
	if service.Num(out, "max_clients", 0) == 0 {
		// 0 表示不限制；生产常设 1000，这里不强制默认值以免改变既有语义。
	}
	return out, nil
}

func normalizePushRoutes(raw string) (string, error) {
	lines := make([]string, 0)
	for _, line := range strings.Split(strings.ReplaceAll(raw, "\r\n", "\n"), "\n") {
		trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(line)
		if trimmed == "" {
			continue
		}
		comment, routePart := "", trimmed
		if idx := strings.Index(routePart, "#"); idx >= 0 {
			comment, routePart = strings.TrimSpace(routePart[idx:]), strings.TrimSpace(routePart[:idx])
		}
		routes, err := parsePushRoutes(routePart)
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}
		if len(routes) == 0 && comment != "" {
			lines = append(lines, comment)
			continue
		}
		if len(routes) > 0 {
			line = strings.Join(routes, ", ")
			if comment != "" {
				line += " " + comment
			}
			lines = append(lines, line)
		}
	}
	return strings.Join(lines, "\n"), nil
}

func parsePushRoutes(raw string) ([]string, error) {
	routes := make([]string, 0)
	for _, line := range strings.Split(strings.ReplaceAll(raw, "\r\n", "\n"), "\n") {
		if idx := strings.Index(line, "#"); idx >= 0 {
			line = line[:idx]
		}
		for _, route := range strings.Split(line, ",") {
			route = strings.TrimSpace(route)
			if route == "" {
				continue
			}
			if !strings.Contains(route, "/") {
				ip := net.ParseIP(route).To4()
				if ip == nil {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("push_routes 含非法 IP 或 CIDR: %s", route)
				}
				route = ip.String() + "/32"
			}
			ip, network, err := net.ParseCIDR(route)
			if err != nil || ip.To4() == nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("push_routes 含非法 IPv4 CIDR: %s", route)
			}
			routes = append(routes, ip.Mask(network.Mask).String()+"/"+strconv.Itoa(maskSize(network.Mask)))
		}
	}
	return routes, nil
}

func maskSize(mask net.IPMask) int { size, _ := mask.Size(); return size }

func parseSubnet(v string) (net.IP, net.IPMask, error) {
	f := strings.Fields(v)
	if len(f) != 2 {
		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("subnet 必须为“网络地址 掩码”，例如 10.10.0.0 255.255.255.0")
	}
	ip := net.ParseIP(f[0]).To4()
	mask := net.ParseIP(f[1]).To4()
	if ip == nil || mask == nil {
		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("subnet 必须是 IPv4 网络")
	}
	return ip, net.IPMask(mask), nil
}

func (s *Service) Create(t *model.Tunnel) error {
	cfg, err := store.TunnelConfig(t)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if service.Str(cfg, "auth_mode") == "oidc" {
		if err := checkOIDCConflicts(t, cfg); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if err := prepareOIDC(t, cfg); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	if _, err := service.WriteConfig(t, "server.conf", s.serverConfig(t, cfg)); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if _, err := service.WriteConfig(t, "auth-user-pass.sh", authScript(t)); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	_ = os.Chmod(filepath.Join(service.InstanceDir(t), "auth-user-pass.sh"), 0o700)
	if _, err := service.WriteConfig(t, "init-pki.sh", pkiScript(t)); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	_ = os.Chmod(filepath.Join(service.InstanceDir(t), "init-pki.sh"), 0o700)
	if service.Str(cfg, "auth_mode") != "oidc" {
		t.Secrets = "" // OpenVPN 只有 OIDC 配置使用 Secrets；切换模式时清除旧凭据
	}
	public, secrets := service.MergeSecrets(cfg, "oidc_client_secret", "oidc_http_secret", "oidc_management_password")
	if err := service.SaveTunnelConfig(t, public, secrets); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// PKI creation is intentionally best-effort: a missing easy-rsa must not be
	// reported as a running server. Start() verifies every required artifact.
	_, openvpnInstalled := findOpenVPNBin()
	if service.Bool(cfg, "pki_auto_init", true) && easyRSAPath() != "" && openvpnInstalled && pkiReady(t) != nil {
		return s.InitializePKI(t)
	}
	return nil
}

func (s *Service) serverConfig(t *model.Tunnel, cfg map[string]interface{}) string {
	dir := service.InstanceDir(t)
	ca, cert, key, dh, ta := filepath.Join(dir, "pki", "ca.crt"), filepath.Join(dir, "pki", "issued", "server.crt"), filepath.Join(dir, "pki", "private", "server.key"), filepath.Join(dir, "pki", "dh.pem"), filepath.Join(dir, "ta.key")
	var b strings.Builder

	// 基础监听（对齐生产：proto/port/dev tun）
	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "port %d\nproto %s\ndev tun\n", int(service.Num(cfg, "port", 1194)), service.StrOr(cfg, "proto", "udp"))
	// MTU / MSS（生产：tun-mtu 1500、tun-mtu-extra 32、mssfix 1450）
	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "tun-mtu %d\n", int(service.Num(cfg, "tun_mtu", 1500)))
	if extra := int(service.Num(cfg, "tun_mtu_extra", 32)); extra > 0 {
		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "tun-mtu-extra %d\n", extra)
	}
	if mf := int(service.Num(cfg, "mssfix", 0)); mf > 0 {
		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "mssfix %d\n", mf)
	}
	// 证书与 TLS（crl-verify：吊销即时生效，对齐生产加固）
	crl := filepath.Join(dir, "pki", "crl.pem")
	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "ca %q\ncert %q\nkey %q\ndh %q\ntls-crypt %q\ncrl-verify %q\n", ca, cert, key, dh, ta, crl)
	// 地址池与拓扑
	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "topology subnet\nserver %s\n", service.StrOr(cfg, "subnet", "10.10.0.0 255.255.255.0"))
	// push：DNS / 全流量 / 内网路由
	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "push \"dhcp-option DNS %s\"\n", service.StrOr(cfg, "dns", service.DefaultDNS()))
	if service.Bool(cfg, "redirect_gateway", true) {
		b.WriteString("push \"redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp\"\n")
	}
	routes, _ := parsePushRoutes(service.Str(cfg, "push_routes"))
	for _, r := range routes {
		ip, network, err := net.ParseCIDR(r)
		if err != nil {
			continue
		}
		mask := net.IP(network.Mask).String()
		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "push \"route %s %s\"\n", ip.Mask(network.Mask).String(), mask)
	}
	// 会话保活（生产 keepalive 5 30）
	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "keepalive %d %d\n", int(service.Num(cfg, "keepalive_interval", 5)), int(service.Num(cfg, "keepalive_timeout", 30)))
	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "data-ciphers %s:AES-128-GCM\ndata-ciphers-fallback %s\npersist-tun\n", service.StrOr(cfg, "cipher", "AES-256-GCM"), service.StrOr(cfg, "cipher", "AES-256-GCM"))
	// reneg-sec：生产/MFA 常 0，避免周期性 TLS 重协商
	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "reneg-sec %d\n", int(service.Num(cfg, "reneg_sec", 0)))
	if service.Bool(cfg, "duplicate_cn", false) {
		b.WriteString("duplicate-cn\n")
	}
	if maxClients := int(service.Num(cfg, "max_clients", 0)); maxClients > 0 {
		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "max-clients %d\n", maxClients)
	}
	// 可选降权（生产 user/group openvpn）
	if u := service.Str(cfg, "run_as_user"); u != "" {
		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "user %s\n", u)
	}
	if g := service.Str(cfg, "run_as_group"); g != "" {
		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "group %s\n", g)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "status %q 10\nstatus-version 3\nverb %d\n", filepath.Join(dir, "openvpn-status.log"), int(service.Num(cfg, "verb", 3)))
	if service.StrOr(cfg, "proto", "udp") == "udp" {
		b.WriteString("explicit-exit-notify 1\n")
	}

	// 认证
	switch service.StrOr(cfg, "auth_mode", "certificate") {
	case "password":
		// 对齐生产：verify-client-cert none + username-as-common-name（client-cert-not-required 已弃用）
		b.WriteString("verify-client-cert none\nusername-as-common-name\n")
	case "certificate+password":
		b.WriteString("verify-client-cert require\n")
	case "oidc":
		b.WriteString("verify-client-cert none\n")
		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "management %q unix %q\nmanagement-client-auth\nauth-user-pass-optional\n", filepath.Join(dir, "management.sock"), filepath.Join(dir, "management-password.txt"))
	default:
		b.WriteString("verify-client-cert require\n")
	}
	if mode := service.StrOr(cfg, "auth_mode", "certificate"); mode == "password" || mode == "certificate+password" {
		// via-file 比 via-env 更安全（密码不进环境变量）；script-security 2 足够执行外部脚本。
		// 生产若用 via-env 需 script-security 3，我们刻意保持 via-file + 2。
		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "script-security 2\nauth-user-pass-verify %q via-file\n", filepath.Join(dir, "auth-user-pass.sh"))
		if mfaMode := service.StrOr(cfg, "mfa_mode", "off"); mfaMode == "optional" || mfaMode == "required" {
			b.WriteString("static-challenge \"请输入 Google Authenticator / MFA 验证码\" 1\n")
		}
	}
	return b.String()
}

// InitializePKI creates the CA and server key material in the instance's
// private directory. It is safe to call repeatedly after a successful setup.
func (s *Service) InitializePKI(t *model.Tunnel) error {
	if pkiReady(t) == nil {
		return nil
	}
	easy := easyRSAPath()
	if easy == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("无法初始化 OpenVPN PKI：未检测到 easy-rsa/easyrsa")
	}
	dir := service.InstanceDir(t)
	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o700); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// Any PKI that failed the readiness check cannot start a server safely.
	if err := os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(dir, "pki")); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("清理不完整的 OpenVPN PKI 失败: %w", err)
	}
	if err := runEasyRSA(dir, easy, "init-pki"); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := runEasyRSA(dir, easy, "--batch", "build-ca", "nopass"); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := runEasyRSA(dir, easy, "--batch", "build-server-full", "server", "nopass"); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := runEasyRSA(dir, easy, "gen-dh"); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := runEasyRSA(dir, easy, "gen-crl"); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	openvpn, ok := findOpenVPNBin()
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Errorf("PKI 证书已生成，但未检测到 openvpn，无法生成 tls-crypt 密钥")
	}
	cmd := exec.Command(openvpn, "--genkey", "secret", filepath.Join(dir, "ta.key"))
	cmd.Dir = dir
	if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("生成 tls-crypt 密钥失败: %v: %s", err, out)
	}
	return pkiReady(t)
}

func easyRSAPath() string {
	if p, ok := service.LookBin("easyrsa"); ok {
		return p
	}
	for _, pattern := range []string{
		"/usr/share/easy-rsa/easyrsa",
		"/usr/share/easy-rsa/*/easyrsa",
		"/usr/local/share/easy-rsa/easyrsa",
	} {
		paths, _ := filepath.Glob(pattern)
		for _, p := range paths {
			if st, err := os.Stat(p); err == nil && st.Mode().IsRegular() {
				return p
			}
		}
	}
	return ""
}
func runEasyRSA(dir, binary string, args ...string) error {
	cmd := exec.Command(binary, args...)
	cmd.Dir = dir
	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(),
		"EASYRSA_BATCH=1",
		fmt.Sprintf("EASYRSA_CA_EXPIRE=%d", pkiExpireDays),
		fmt.Sprintf("EASYRSA_CERT_EXPIRE=%d", pkiExpireDays),
	)
	// Easy-RSA 3.1 rejects EASYRSA_REQ_CN for build-server/client-full because
	// those commands derive the common name from their positional filename.
	// It is only needed when the CA is created.
	if len(args) >= 2 && args[len(args)-2] == "build-ca" {
		cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, "EASYRSA_REQ_CN=OPSX-VPN-CA")
	}
	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("easy-rsa %s 失败: %v: %s", strings.Join(args, " "), err, out)
	}
	return nil
}
func pkiReady(t *model.Tunnel) error {
	for _, p := range []string{"pki/ca.crt", "pki/issued/server.crt", "pki/private/server.key", "pki/dh.pem", "ta.key"} {
		if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(service.InstanceDir(t), p)); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("缺少 %s", p)
		}
	}
	return nil
}
func pkiScript(t *model.Tunnel) string {
	easy := shellQuote(easyRSAPathOrDefault())
	expires := "EASYRSA_BATCH=1 EASYRSA_CA_EXPIRE=" + strconv.Itoa(pkiExpireDays) + " EASYRSA_CERT_EXPIRE=" + strconv.Itoa(pkiExpireDays)
	return "#!/bin/sh\nset -eu\ncd " + shellQuote(service.InstanceDir(t)) + "\n" + easy + " init-pki\nEASYRSA_REQ_CN=OPSX-VPN-CA " + expires + " " + easy + " --batch build-ca nopass\n" + expires + " " + easy + " --batch build-server-full server nopass\n" + expires + " " + easy + " gen-dh\n" + expires + " " + easy + " gen-crl\nopenvpn --genkey secret ta.key\necho 'OpenVPN PKI initialized'\n"
}
func easyRSAPathOrDefault() string {
	if p := easyRSAPath(); p != "" {
		return p
	}
	return "easyrsa"
}
func authScript(t *model.Tunnel) string {
	exe, _ := os.Executable()
	if exe == "" {
		exe = "opsx-vpn"
	}
	return "#!/bin/sh\nset -eu\nexec " + shellQuote(exe) + " openvpn-auth --tunnel " + strconv.FormatUint(uint64(t.ID), 10) + " --credentials \"$1\"\n"
}
func shellQuote(v string) string { return "'" + strings.ReplaceAll(v, "'", "'\\''") + "'" }

// RevokeClientCertificate 吊销用户证书并重新生成 CRL（禁用/删除拨号用户时调用）。
// server.conf 的 crl-verify 使吊销生效；运行中进程收 SIGUSR1 重读 CRL。
func (s *Service) RevokeClientCertificate(t *model.Tunnel, user *model.VPNUser) error {
	if user.Certificate == "" {
		return nil
	}
	easy := easyRSAPath()
	if easy == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("未检测到 easy-rsa，无法吊销证书")
	}
	dir := service.InstanceDir(t)
	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, "pki", "issued", user.Certificate+".crt")); err != nil {
		return nil
	}
	if err := runEasyRSA(dir, easy, "--batch", "revoke", user.Certificate); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := runEasyRSA(dir, easy, "gen-crl"); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if pid, alive := service.ReadPid(t); alive {
		if proc, err := os.FindProcess(pid); err == nil {
			_ = proc.Signal(syscall.SIGUSR1)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// IssueClientCertificate signs a per-VPNUser certificate and records the exact
// certificate CN. LDAP users can use certificates as a second factor too.
func (s *Service) IssueClientCertificate(t *model.Tunnel, user *model.VPNUser) error {
	if user.TunnelID != t.ID {
		return errors.New("拨号用户不属于该 OpenVPN 隧道")
	}
	if !user.Enabled {
		return errors.New("拨号用户已禁用")
	}
	if err := pkiReady(t); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("无法签发客户端证书：%w", err)
	}
	name := user.Certificate
	if name == "" {
		name = certificateCN(user.Username)
	}
	if !certificateName.MatchString(name) {
		return fmt.Errorf("客户端证书名称无效")
	}
	cert := filepath.Join(service.InstanceDir(t), "pki", "issued", name+".crt")
	if _, err := os.Stat(cert); err != nil {
		easy := easyRSAPath()
		if easy == "" {
			return fmt.Errorf("未检测到 easy-rsa，无法签发客户端证书")
		}
		if err := runEasyRSA(service.InstanceDir(t), easy, "--batch", "build-client-full", name, "nopass"); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	user.Certificate = name
	return store.DB.Save(user).Error
}
func certificateCN(username string) string {
	v := strings.Map(func(r rune) rune {
		if (r >= 'a' && r <= 'z') || (r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z') || (r >= '0' && r <= '9') || r == '-' || r == '_' {
			return r
		}
		return '-'
	}, username)
	v = strings.Trim(v, "-_")
	if v == "" {
		v = "vpn-user"
	}
	if len(v) > 48 {
		v = v[:48]
	}
	return "u-" + v
}

// GenerateUserConfig returns an immediately importable profile after signing
// the user certificate. It replaces the former instructional, non-functional
// profile generation.
func (s *Service) GenerateUserConfig(t *model.Tunnel, user *model.VPNUser) (string, error) {
	cfg, err := store.TunnelConfig(t)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	mode := service.StrOr(cfg, "auth_mode", "certificate")
	if mode != "password" && mode != "oidc" {
		if err := s.IssueClientCertificate(t, user); err != nil {
			return "", err
		}
	}
	dir := service.InstanceDir(t)
	read := func(p string) (string, error) { b, e := os.ReadFile(p); return string(b), e }
	ca, e := read(filepath.Join(dir, "pki", "ca.crt"))
	if e != nil {
		return "", e
	}
	ta, e := read(filepath.Join(dir, "ta.key"))
	if e != nil {
		return "", e
	}
	var cert, key string
	if mode != "password" && mode != "oidc" {
		cert, e = read(filepath.Join(dir, "pki", "issued", user.Certificate+".crt"))
		if e != nil {
			return "", e
		}
		key, e = read(filepath.Join(dir, "pki", "private", user.Certificate+".key"))
		if e != nil {
			return "", e
		}
	}
	var b strings.Builder
	cipher := service.StrOr(cfg, "cipher", "AES-256-GCM")
	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "client\ndev tun\nproto %s\nremote %s %d\nresolv-retry infinite\nnobind\npersist-tun\nremote-cert-tls server\ndata-ciphers %s:AES-128-GCM\ndata-ciphers-fallback %s\nverb 3\n", clientProto(service.StrOr(cfg, "proto", "udp")), service.StrOr(cfg, "public_endpoint", "your-server-ip"), int(service.Num(cfg, "port", 1194)), cipher, cipher)
	if mode == "password" || mode == "certificate+password" {
		b.WriteString("auth-user-pass\n")
		b.WriteString("auth-nocache\n")
		if mfaMode := service.StrOr(cfg, "mfa_mode", "off"); mfaMode == "optional" || mfaMode == "required" {
			b.WriteString("static-challenge \"请输入 Google Authenticator / MFA 验证码\" 1\n")
		}
	}
	// 与服务端 reneg-sec 一致（生产常 0）
	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "reneg-sec %d\n", int(service.Num(cfg, "reneg_sec", 0)))
	if mtu := int(service.Num(cfg, "tun_mtu", 0)); mtu > 0 {
		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "tun-mtu %d\n", mtu)
	}
	b.WriteString("<ca>\n" + ca + "</ca>\n")
	if cert != "" {
		b.WriteString("<cert>\n" + cert + "</cert>\n<key>\n" + key + "</key>\n")
	}
	b.WriteString("<tls-crypt>\n" + ta + "</tls-crypt>\n")
	return b.String(), nil
}
func clientProto(proto string) string {
	switch strings.ToLower(proto) {
	case "tcp", "tcp-server", "tcp-client":
		return "tcp-client"
	default:
		return "udp"
	}
}

func (s *Service) GenerateClientConfig(t *model.Tunnel) (string, error) {
	cfg, err := store.TunnelConfig(t)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	username := service.Str(cfg, "client_username")
	if username == "" {
		// Password-only authentication has no per-user certificate. Generate a
		// reusable profile so operators can distribute it before creating users.
		if mode := service.StrOr(cfg, "auth_mode", "certificate"); mode == "password" || mode == "oidc" {
			return s.GenerateUserConfig(t, &model.VPNUser{})
		}
		return "", fmt.Errorf("请指定 client_username 或通过拨号用户下载其专属 .ovpn 配置")
	}
	var user model.VPNUser
	if err := store.DB.Where("tunnel_id = ? AND username = ?", t.ID, username).First(&user).Error; err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("拨号用户 %q 不存在: %w", username, err)
	}
	return s.GenerateUserConfig(t, &user)
}

func (s *Service) Start(t *model.Tunnel) error {
	openvpnBin, ok := findOpenVPNBin()
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Errorf("无法启动 OpenVPN：未检测到 openvpn")
	}
	cfg, err := store.TunnelConfig(t)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if service.Str(cfg, "auth_mode") == "oidc" {
		if _, alive := service.ReadPid(t); alive {
			if oidcRunning(t) {
				return nil
			}
			if err := checkOIDCDependencies(openvpnBin); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			if err := service.RequireTCPPortAvailable(int(service.Num(cfg, "oidc_http_port", 19090)), "OIDC 认证服务"); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			return startOIDC(t, cfg) // OpenVPN still runs: restore browser login without rebinding VPN/NAT
		}
	}
	if err := pkiReady(t); err != nil {
		if !service.Bool(cfg, "pki_auto_init", true) {
			return fmt.Errorf("无法启动 OpenVPN：PKI 尚未就绪：%w", err)
		}
		if initErr := s.InitializePKI(t); initErr != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("无法启动 OpenVPN：自动初始化 PKI 失败: %w", initErr)
		}
	}
	if err := service.RequireRoot("OpenVPN"); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if service.Str(cfg, "auth_mode") == "oidc" {
		if err := checkOIDCDependencies(openvpnBin); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if err := service.RequireTCPPortAvailable(int(service.Num(cfg, "oidc_http_port", 19090)), "OIDC 认证服务"); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	if err := service.RequireIPv4Forwarding("OpenVPN"); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	port := int(service.Num(cfg, "port", 1194))
	if service.StrOr(cfg, "proto", "udp") == "udp" {
		if err := service.RequireUDPPortAvailable(port, "OpenVPN"); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	} else if err := service.RequireTCPPortAvailable(port, "OpenVPN"); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if service.Bool(cfg, "enable_nat", true) {
		if err := s.installNAT(t, cfg); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	if err := service.StartDaemon(t, openvpnBin, "--config", filepath.Join(service.InstanceDir(t), "server.conf")); err != nil {
		_ = s.removeNAT(t, cfg)
		return err
	}
	if service.Str(cfg, "auth_mode") == "oidc" {
		if err := waitForManagement(t); err != nil {
			_ = service.KillPid(t)
			_ = s.removeNAT(t, cfg)
			return err
		}
		if err := startOIDC(t, cfg); err != nil {
			_ = service.KillPid(t)
			_ = s.removeNAT(t, cfg)
			return err
		}
		if _, alive := service.ReadPid(t); !alive {
			_ = stopOIDC(t)
			_ = s.removeNAT(t, cfg)
			return fmt.Errorf("OIDC 服务就绪时 OpenVPN 已退出；请查看 instance.log")
		}
	}
	return nil
}
func (s *Service) Stop(t *model.Tunnel) error {
	var firstErr error
	if err := stopOIDC(t); err != nil {
		firstErr = err
	}
	if err := service.KillPid(t); err != nil {
		firstErr = err
	}
	if cfg, err := store.TunnelConfig(t); err == nil && service.Bool(cfg, "enable_nat", true) {
		if err := s.removeNAT(t, cfg); err != nil && firstErr == nil {
			firstErr = err
		}
	}
	return firstErr
}

func (s *Service) installNAT(t *model.Tunnel, cfg map[string]interface{}) error {
	iptables, ok := service.LookBin("iptables")
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Errorf("无法启动 OpenVPN：启用 NAT 需要 iptables")
	}
	egress := service.Str(cfg, "egress_interface")
	if egress == "" {
		var err error
		egress, err = service.DefaultRouteInterface()
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	ip, mask, err := parseSubnet(service.StrOr(cfg, "subnet", "10.10.0.0 255.255.255.0"))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	ones, _ := mask.Size()
	subnet := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%d", ip.String(), ones)
	comment := fmt.Sprintf("opsx-vpn-openvpn-%d", t.ID)
	rules := [][]string{
		{"-t", "nat", "-A", "POSTROUTING", "-s", subnet, "-o", egress, "-m", "comment", "--comment", comment, "-j", "MASQUERADE"},
		{"-A", "FORWARD", "-i", "tun+", "-o", egress, "-s", subnet, "-m", "comment", "--comment", comment, "-j", "ACCEPT"},
		{"-A", "FORWARD", "-i", egress, "-o", "tun+", "-d", subnet, "-m", "conntrack", "--ctstate", "RELATED,ESTABLISHED", "-m", "comment", "--comment", comment, "-j", "ACCEPT"},
	}
	for _, rule := range rules {
		check := append([]string{}, rule...)
		// -C 检查时把 -A 换成 -C
		for i := 0; i < len(check); i++ {
			if check[i] == "-A" {
				check[i] = "-C"
				break
			}
		}
		if _, err := service.Run(iptables, check...); err == nil {
			continue
		}
		if _, err := service.Run(iptables, rule...); err != nil {
			_ = s.removeNAT(t, cfg)
			return fmt.Errorf("无法添加 OpenVPN NAT 规则: %w", err)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (s *Service) removeNAT(t *model.Tunnel, cfg map[string]interface{}) error {
	iptables, ok := service.LookBin("iptables")
	if !ok {
		return nil
	}
	egress := service.Str(cfg, "egress_interface")
	if egress == "" {
		egress, _ = service.DefaultRouteInterface()
	}
	ip, mask, err := parseSubnet(service.StrOr(cfg, "subnet", "10.10.0.0 255.255.255.0"))
	if err != nil {
		return nil
	}
	ones, _ := mask.Size()
	subnet := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%d", ip.String(), ones)
	comment := fmt.Sprintf("opsx-vpn-openvpn-%d", t.ID)
	candidates := [][]string{
		{"-t", "nat", "-D", "POSTROUTING", "-s", subnet, "-o", egress, "-m", "comment", "--comment", comment, "-j", "MASQUERADE"},
		{"-D", "FORWARD", "-i", "tun+", "-o", egress, "-s", subnet, "-m", "comment", "--comment", comment, "-j", "ACCEPT"},
		{"-D", "FORWARD", "-i", egress, "-o", "tun+", "-d", subnet, "-m", "conntrack", "--ctstate", "RELATED,ESTABLISHED", "-m", "comment", "--comment", comment, "-j", "ACCEPT"},
		// Rules produced by releases before interface-scoped forwarding.
		{"-D", "FORWARD", "-s", subnet, "-m", "comment", "--comment", comment, "-j", "ACCEPT"},
		{"-D", "FORWARD", "-d", subnet, "-m", "conntrack", "--ctstate", "RELATED,ESTABLISHED", "-m", "comment", "--comment", comment, "-j", "ACCEPT"},
	}
	for _, rule := range candidates {
		for {
			check := append([]string{}, rule...)
			for i := 0; i < len(check); i++ {
				if check[i] == "-D" {
					check[i] = "-C"
					break
				}
			}
			if _, err := service.Run(iptables, check...); err != nil {
				break
			}
			if _, err := service.Run(iptables, rule...); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}
func (s *Service) Status(t *model.Tunnel) (core.Status, error) {
	if _, alive := service.ReadPid(t); alive {
		if cfg, err := store.TunnelConfig(t); err == nil && service.Str(cfg, "auth_mode") == "oidc" && !oidcRunning(t) {
			st := service.NowStatus(true, "error", "OpenVPN 仍在运行，但 OIDC 认证服务离线；新连接将被拒绝，现有连接可能继续")
			rx, tx := s.collectTraffic(t)
			st.RxBytes = t.RxBytes + rx
			st.TxBytes = t.TxBytes + tx
			return st, nil
		}
		st := service.NowStatus(true, "running", "OpenVPN 进程运行中")
		rx, tx := s.collectTraffic(t)
		st.RxBytes = t.RxBytes + rx
		st.TxBytes = t.TxBytes + tx
		return st, nil
	}
	if _, ok := findOpenVPNBin(); !ok {
		return service.NowStatus(false, "undeployed", "配置已生成，但未检测到 openvpn，尚未部署"), nil
	}
	return service.NowStatus(false, "stopped", "未启动"), nil
}

type trafficSnapshot map[string]trafficCounter
type trafficCounter struct {
	Rx int64 `json:"rx"`
	Tx int64 `json:"tx"`
}

func (s *Service) collectTraffic(t *model.Tunnel) (int64, int64) {
	raw, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(service.InstanceDir(t), "openvpn-status.log"))
	if err != nil {
		return 0, 0
	}
	snap := trafficSnapshot{}
	if b, e := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(service.InstanceDir(t), "traffic-state.json")); e == nil {
		_ = json.Unmarshal(b, &snap)
	}
	next := trafficSnapshot{}
	var totalRx, totalTx int64
	now := time.Now()
	// 收集在线客户端信息（供 sessionmgr 同步会话）
	var onlineClients []sessionmgr.ClientInfo
	for _, line := range strings.Split(string(raw), "\n") {
		f := splitStatusFields(line)
		if len(f) < 7 || f[0] != "CLIENT_LIST" {
			continue
		}
		rx, e1 := strconv.ParseInt(f[5], 10, 64)
		tx, e2 := strconv.ParseInt(f[6], 10, 64)
		if e1 != nil || e2 != nil {
			continue
		}
		cn := f[1]
		username := statusUsername(f)
		realAddr := f[2]
		virtualAddr := ""
		if len(f) > 4 {
			virtualAddr = f[3]
		}
		keyName := username
		if keyName == "" {
			// Preserve the old traffic snapshot key for anonymous OIDC peers.
			keyName = cn
		}
		key := keyName + "|" + realAddr
		old, found := snap[key]
		if !found && username != "" {
			// A WebAuth peer can gain a verified username after its initial
			// UNDEF snapshot. Keep counting from the same socket's prior value.
			old = snap["UNDEF|"+realAddr]
		}
		deltaRx, deltaTx := rx-old.Rx, tx-old.Tx
		if deltaRx < 0 {
			deltaRx = rx
		}
		if deltaTx < 0 {
			deltaTx = tx
		}
		totalRx += deltaRx
		totalTx += deltaTx
		next[key] = trafficCounter{rx, tx}
		if store.DB != nil && username != "" {
			store.DB.Model(&model.VPNUser{}).Where("tunnel_id = ? AND (username = ? OR certificate = ?)", t.ID, username, cn).Updates(map[string]interface{}{"rx_bytes": gorm.Expr("rx_bytes + ?", deltaRx), "tx_bytes": gorm.Expr("tx_bytes + ?", deltaTx), "last_seen_at": now})
		}
		// 收集在线客户端
		onlineClients = append(onlineClients, sessionmgr.ClientInfo{
			Username: username, RealAddress: realAddr, VirtualAddress: virtualAddr,
			RxBytes: rx, TxBytes: tx,
		})
	}
	b, _ := json.Marshal(next)
	_ = os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(service.InstanceDir(t), "traffic-state.json"), b, 0o600)
	// 同步在线会话到 VPNSession 表
	sessionmgr.SyncSessions(t.ID, "openvpn", onlineClients)
	return totalRx, totalTx
}

// splitStatusFields supports OpenVPN status-version 3 (tab-separated) and
// legacy comma-separated status files.
func splitStatusFields(line string) []string {
	if strings.Contains(line, "\t") {
		return strings.Split(line, "\t")
	}
	return strings.Split(line, ",")
}

// OpenVPN writes UNDEF when certificate-free WebAuth has not supplied a
// username. It is a protocol placeholder, never a verified Feishu identity.
func statusUsername(fields []string) string {
	if len(fields) > 9 {
		if username := strings.TrimSpace(fields[9]); username != "" && !strings.EqualFold(username, "UNDEF") {
			return username
		}
	}
	if len(fields) > 1 {
		if cn := strings.TrimSpace(fields[1]); cn != "" && !strings.EqualFold(cn, "UNDEF") {
			return cn
		}
	}
	return ""
}

func (s *Service) Delete(t *model.Tunnel) error { return s.Stop(t) }

// RunAuthHelper is called by the same opsx-vpn binary from OpenVPN's
// auth-user-pass-verify hook. It returns 0 only for enabled, tunnel-scoped
// local users or LDAP users whose recorded LDAP DN accepts the password.
// MFA 支持：static-challenge（SCRV1 / 第三行）、或密码末尾附加 6 位 TOTP。
func RunAuthHelper(args []string) error {
	fs := flag.NewFlagSet("openvpn-auth", flag.ContinueOnError)
	fs.SetOutput(os.Stderr)
	tunnel := fs.Uint("tunnel", 0, "tunnel id")
	credentials := fs.String("credentials", "", "credentials file")
	if err := fs.Parse(args); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if *tunnel == 0 || *credentials == "" {
		return errors.New("--tunnel 和 --credentials 必填")
	}
	raw, err := os.ReadFile(*credentials)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	lines := strings.Split(strings.ReplaceAll(string(raw), "\r\n", "\n"), "\n")
	if len(lines) < 2 || strings.TrimSpace(lines[0]) == "" {
		return errors.New("认证凭据格式无效")
	}
	username := strings.TrimSpace(lines[0])
	passwordField := strings.TrimSpace(lines[1])
	var challenge string
	if len(lines) >= 3 {
		challenge = strings.TrimSpace(lines[2])
	}
	return Authenticate(uint(*tunnel), username, passwordField, challenge)
}

// Authenticate validates dial-in credentials for one OpenVPN tunnel.
// password_is_cr 模式：密码与 OTP 分离（SCRV1 / static-challenge 响应格式）；
// 否则支持 password+OTP 拼接；response 可为 PIN+OTP。
func Authenticate(tunnelID uint, username, passwordField, challenge string) error {
	if passwordField == "" {
		return errors.New("密码为空")
	}
	var tunnel model.Tunnel
	if err := store.DB.First(&tunnel, tunnelID).Error; err != nil {
		return errors.New("隧道不存在")
	}
	cfg, _ := store.TunnelConfig(&tunnel)
	mfaMode := service.StrOr(cfg, "mfa_mode", "off")
	if service.Bool(cfg, "require_mfa", false) && mfaMode == "off" {
		mfaMode = "required"
	}

	// 未启用 MFA 时不要把密码末尾 6 位当成 OTP 截断，避免误伤含数字后缀的密码。
	password, response := passwordField, ""
	if mfaMode == "optional" || mfaMode == "required" {
		password, response = splitPasswordAndOTP(passwordField, challenge)
	} else if decoded := decodeSCRV1(passwordField); decoded.ok {
		password = decoded.password
	}

	var user model.VPNUser
	if err := store.DB.Where("tunnel_id = ? AND username = ? AND enabled = ?", tunnelID, username, true).First(&user).Error; err != nil {
		return errors.New("拨号用户不存在或已禁用")
	}
	if err := verifyDialPassword(&user, password); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return verifyDialMFA(&user, cfg, mfaMode, response)
}

func verifyDialPassword(user *model.VPNUser, password string) error {
	if user.Source == "local" {
		if bcrypt.CompareHashAndPassword([]byte(user.Password), []byte(password)) != nil {
			return errors.New("密码错误")
		}
		return nil
	}
	if user.Source != "ldap" || user.LDAPDN == "" {
		return errors.New("拨号用户认证来源无效")
	}
	var cfg model.LDAPConfig
	if err := store.DB.Where("enabled = ?", true).First(&cfg).Error; err != nil {
		return errors.New("LDAP 未启用")
	}
	dialURL, err := ldaputil.DialURL(cfg.URL)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	conn, err := ldap.DialURL(dialURL)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer conn.Close()
	if cfg.BindDN != "" {
		bind, err := store.DecryptSecret(cfg.BindPassword)
		if err != nil {
			return errors.New("LDAP 绑定密钥无效")
		}
		if err := conn.Bind(cfg.BindDN, bind); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	if err := conn.Bind(user.LDAPDN, password); err != nil {
		return errors.New("LDAP 密码错误")
	}
	return nil
}

var mfaAuthMu sync.Mutex

func verifyDialMFA(user *model.VPNUser, tunnelCfg map[string]interface{}, mfaMode, response string) error {
	switch mfaMode {
	case "", "off":
		return nil
	case "optional":
		if !user.MFAEnabled {
			return nil
		}
	case "required":
		if !user.MFAEnabled {
			return errors.New("该隧道要求 MFA，请先在管理端绑定 Authenticator")
		}
	default:
		return nil
	}

	mfaAuthMu.Lock()
	defer mfaAuthMu.Unlock()
	// 重新加载用户以拿到最新锁定/计数器状态。
	if store.DB != nil {
		_ = store.DB.First(user, user.ID).Error
	}
	if user.MFALockedUntil != nil && time.Now().Before(*user.MFALockedUntil) {
		return fmt.Errorf("MFA 已锁定至 %s，请稍后再试或联系管理员解锁", user.MFALockedUntil.Local().Format("15:04:05"))
	}
	response = strings.TrimSpace(response)
	if response == "" {
		recordMFAFailure(user, tunnelCfg)
		return errors.New("需要 MFA 验证码（Google Authenticator 6 位，或 PIN+OTP）")
	}

	// 1) 备用码（可含 PIN 前缀：PIN+BACKUP）
	otpPart, pinErr := extractOTPAfterPIN(user, response)
	if pinErr != nil {
		recordMFAFailure(user, tunnelCfg)
		return pinErr
	}
	if consumeBackupCode(user, otpPart) {
		clearMFAFailure(user)
		now := time.Now()
		user.MFALastUsedAt = &now
		_ = store.DB.Model(user).Updates(map[string]interface{}{
			"mfa_fail_count": 0, "mfa_locked_until": nil, "mfa_last_used_at": now,
		}).Error
		return nil
	}

	// 2) TOTP 校验（sha1/base32/6/30s + slop 时钟偏差窗口）
	if user.MFASecret == "" {
		recordMFAFailure(user, tunnelCfg)
		return errors.New("MFA 密钥无效")
	}
	secret, err := store.DecryptSecret(user.MFASecret)
	if err != nil || secret == "" {
		recordMFAFailure(user, tunnelCfg)
		return errors.New("MFA 密钥无效")
	}
	slop := int(service.Num(tunnelCfg, "otp_slop", otpDefaultSlop))
	if slop < 0 {
		slop = 0
	}
	skew := uint(slop / otpPeriod)
	if skew < 1 && slop > 0 {
		skew = 1
	}
	ok, counter := validateTOTPSkew(otpPart, secret, skew)
	if !ok {
		recordMFAFailure(user, tunnelCfg)
		return errors.New("MFA 验证码错误")
	}
	if service.Bool(tunnelCfg, "otp_disallow_reuse", true) && user.MFALastCounter != 0 && counter == user.MFALastCounter {
		recordMFAFailure(user, tunnelCfg)
		return errors.New("该验证码已使用，请等待下一个 30 秒周期")
	}
	now := time.Now()
	user.MFALastCounter = counter
	user.MFALastUsedAt = &now
	user.MFAFailCount = 0
	user.MFALockedUntil = nil
	_ = store.DB.Model(user).Updates(map[string]interface{}{
		"mfa_last_counter": counter,
		"mfa_last_used_at": now,
		"mfa_fail_count":   0,
		"mfa_locked_until": nil,
	}).Error
	return nil
}

// extractOTPAfterPIN 从响应中提取 OTP：response = [pin][otp] 拼接格式。
// 若用户设置了 PIN，则必须作为前缀；OTP 为剩余部分（6 位或备用码）。
func extractOTPAfterPIN(user *model.VPNUser, response string) (string, error) {
	if !user.MFAHasPin || user.MFAPin == "" {
		return response, nil
	}
	pin, err := store.DecryptSecret(user.MFAPin)
	if err != nil || pin == "" {
		return "", errors.New("MFA PIN 配置无效")
	}
	if !strings.HasPrefix(response, pin) {
		return "", errors.New("MFA PIN 错误")
	}
	otp := strings.TrimPrefix(response, pin)
	if otp == "" {
		return "", errors.New("请在 PIN 后输入 6 位动态码")
	}
	return otp, nil
}

func validateTOTPSkew(code, secret string, skew uint) (bool, int64) {
	code = strings.TrimSpace(code)
	if !isSixDigits(code) {
		return false, 0
	}
	now := time.Now()
	opts := totp.ValidateOpts{
		Period:    otpPeriod,
		Skew:      skew,
		Digits:    otp.DigitsSix,
		Algorithm: otp.AlgorithmSHA1,
	}
	ok, err := totp.ValidateCustom(code, secret, now, opts)
	if err != nil || !ok {
		return false, 0
	}
	// 定位实际命中的时间窗计数器（用于防重放）。
	period := int64(otpPeriod)
	base := now.Unix() / period
	for i := -int(skew); i <= int(skew); i++ {
		c := base + int64(i)
		t := time.Unix(c*period, 0)
		if valid, _ := totp.ValidateCustom(code, secret, t, totp.ValidateOpts{
			Period: otpPeriod, Skew: 0, Digits: otp.DigitsSix, Algorithm: otp.AlgorithmSHA1,
		}); valid {
			return true, c
		}
	}
	return true, base
}

func recordMFAFailure(user *model.VPNUser, tunnelCfg map[string]interface{}) {
	if store.DB == nil || user == nil {
		return
	}
	maxFail := int(service.Num(tunnelCfg, "otp_max_failures", 5))
	lockSec := int(service.Num(tunnelCfg, "otp_lockout_sec", 300))
	user.MFAFailCount++
	updates := map[string]interface{}{"mfa_fail_count": user.MFAFailCount}
	if maxFail > 0 && user.MFAFailCount >= maxFail && lockSec > 0 {
		until := time.Now().Add(time.Duration(lockSec) * time.Second)
		user.MFALockedUntil = &until
		updates["mfa_locked_until"] = until
	}
	_ = store.DB.Model(user).Updates(updates).Error
}

func clearMFAFailure(user *model.VPNUser) {
	user.MFAFailCount = 0
	user.MFALockedUntil = nil
}

// splitPasswordAndOTP 解析 OpenVPN 密码字段中的 MFA。
// password_is_cr 模式：SCRV1 / 第三行 challenge；否则密码后缀 6 位 OTP。
func splitPasswordAndOTP(passwordField, challenge string) (password, response string) {
	if decoded := decodeSCRV1(passwordField); decoded.ok {
		return decoded.password, decoded.otp
	}
	if challenge != "" {
		return passwordField, challenge
	}
	// 无 challenge：密码 + 6 位 OTP 直接拼接
	if len(passwordField) > 6 {
		suffix := passwordField[len(passwordField)-6:]
		if isSixDigits(suffix) {
			return passwordField[:len(passwordField)-6], suffix
		}
	}
	return passwordField, ""
}

type scrv1 struct {
	password, otp string
	ok            bool
}

func decodeSCRV1(raw string) scrv1 {
	// SCRV1:<base64 password>:<base64 response>
	if !strings.HasPrefix(raw, "SCRV1:") {
		return scrv1{}
	}
	parts := strings.SplitN(raw, ":", 3)
	if len(parts) != 3 {
		return scrv1{}
	}
	pw, err1 := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(parts[1])
	otp, err2 := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(parts[2])
	if err1 != nil || err2 != nil {
		pw, err1 = base64.RawStdEncoding.DecodeString(parts[1])
		otp, err2 = base64.RawStdEncoding.DecodeString(parts[2])
		if err1 != nil || err2 != nil {
			return scrv1{}
		}
	}
	return scrv1{password: string(pw), otp: string(otp), ok: true}
}

func isSixDigits(s string) bool {
	if len(s) != 6 {
		return false
	}
	for _, r := range s {
		if r < '0' || r > '9' {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

func consumeBackupCode(user *model.VPNUser, code string) bool {
	if user.MFABackupCodes == "" || code == "" {
		return false
	}
	enc, err := store.DecryptSecret(user.MFABackupCodes)
	if err != nil {
		return false
	}
	var codes []string
	if json.Unmarshal([]byte(enc), &codes) != nil {
		return false
	}
	want := strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(code))
	next := make([]string, 0, len(codes))
	found := false
	for _, c := range codes {
		if !found && strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(c)) == want {
			found = true
			continue
		}
		next = append(next, c)
	}
	if !found {
		return false
	}
	raw, _ := json.Marshal(next)
	encNext, err := store.EncryptSecret(string(raw))
	if err != nil {
		return false
	}
	user.MFABackupCodes = encNext
	_ = store.DB.Model(user).Update("mfa_backup_codes", encNext).Error
	return true
}

// GenerateOTPSecretsLine 导出标准 otp-secrets 格式密钥行（用于备份与迁移）。
// 格式: user server type:hash:encoding:key:pin:udid client
func GenerateOTPSecretsLine(user *model.VPNUser) (string, error) {
	if !user.MFAEnabled || user.MFASecret == "" {
		return "", errors.New("用户未启用 MFA")
	}
	secret, err := store.DecryptSecret(user.MFASecret)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	pin := ""
	if user.MFAHasPin && user.MFAPin != "" {
		pin, _ = store.DecryptSecret(user.MFAPin)
	}
	// totp:sha1:base32:KEY:PIN:xxx
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s otp totp:sha1:base32:%s:%s:xxx *", user.Username, secret, pin), nil
}

// SetUserMFAPin 设置或清除静态 PIN（连接时第二因子 PIN+OTP）。
func SetUserMFAPin(user *model.VPNUser, pin string) error {
	if pin == "" {
		user.MFAPin = ""
		user.MFAHasPin = false
		return store.DB.Model(user).Updates(map[string]interface{}{"mfa_pin": "", "mfa_has_pin": false}).Error
	}
	if len(pin) < 4 || len(pin) > 32 {
		return errors.New("PIN 长度需 4-32 位")
	}
	if strings.ContainsAny(pin, " \t\r\n") {
		return errors.New("PIN 不能包含空白字符")
	}
	enc, err := store.EncryptSecret(pin)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	user.MFAPin = enc
	user.MFAHasPin = true
	return store.DB.Model(user).Updates(map[string]interface{}{"mfa_pin": enc, "mfa_has_pin": true}).Error
}

// UnlockUserMFA 清除失败计数与锁定（OTP Manager）。
func UnlockUserMFA(user *model.VPNUser) error {
	user.MFAFailCount = 0
	user.MFALockedUntil = nil
	return store.DB.Model(user).Updates(map[string]interface{}{
		"mfa_fail_count": 0, "mfa_locked_until": nil,
	}).Error
}

// RegenerateBackupCodes 重新生成一次性备用码。
func RegenerateBackupCodes(user *model.VPNUser) ([]string, error) {
	if !user.MFAEnabled {
		return nil, errors.New("请先启用 MFA")
	}
	codes := make([]string, 10)
	for i := range codes {
		raw := make([]byte, 5)
		if _, err := rand.Read(raw); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		codes[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%X", raw)
	}
	raw, _ := json.Marshal(codes)
	enc, err := store.EncryptSecret(string(raw))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	user.MFABackupCodes = enc
	if err := store.DB.Model(user).Update("mfa_backup_codes", enc).Error; err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return codes, nil
}