feat: P0生产加固 — 认证安全+操作审计+错误提示

P0-1 认证安全:
- JWT secret 改为环境变量配置, 未设置则随机生成(重启失效)
- 新增 LoginRateLimitMiddleware: 5次/分钟登录频率限制(滑动窗口)
- 429 响应 + 前端 toast 提示

P0-2 操作审计日志:
- 新增 OperationLog 模型 (user/username/action/resource/detail/ip)
- 新增 AuditLogMiddleware 自动记录 POST/PUT/DELETE/PATCH 操作
- 新增 GET /audit-logs API (分页/过滤/统计)
- 前端 AuditLogsPage 对接真实 API (字段/路径修正)

P0-3 实例密码加密:
- 已确认 crypto.py AES-256-GCM 加密存储, 无需修改

P1 前端错误提示:
- 新增 useToast hook + ToastContainer 组件
- request.ts 拦截器: 4xx/5xx 错误 toast 显示后端 detail 信息
- 422 验证错误提取第一条 msg
- 网络失败显示通用提示

1182 tests passed

backend/app/core/audit_middleware.py

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+"""操作审计中间件 — 自动记录所有 POST/PUT/DELETE/PATCH 请求。"""
+import time
+import json
+from fastapi import Request
+from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware
+
+from app.core.database import async_session
+from app.models.operation_log import OperationLog
+
+
+# 不记录审计的路径（高频/非业务）
+_EXCLUDE_PREFIXES = (
+    "/api/v1/audit-logs",
+    "/api/v1/dashboard",
+    "/docs",
+    "/openapi",
+    "/redoc",
+    "/api/v1/query/execute",  # 查询执行单独记录
+)
+
+# 资源类型映射: URL前缀 -> 资源类型
+_RESOURCE_MAP = {
+    "/api/v1/tickets": "ticket",
+    "/api/v1/instances": "instance",
+    "/api/v1/users": "user",
+    "/api/v1/audit-rules": "audit_rule",
+    "/api/v1/notifications": "notification",
+    "/api/v1/auth": "auth",
+    "/api/v1/workflows": "workflow",
+    "/api/v1/settings": "system_setting",
+}
+
+# action 映射
+_ACTION_MAP = {
+    "POST": "create",
+    "PUT": "update",
+    "PATCH": "update",
+    "DELETE": "delete",
+}
+
+
+class AuditLogMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
+    """自动审计中间件 — 记录所有写操作。"""
+
+    async def dispatch(self, request: Request, call_next):
+        # 只审计写操作
+        if request.method not in ("POST", "PUT", "PATCH", "DELETE"):
+            return await call_next(request)
+
+        path = request.url.path
+        # 跳过排除列表
+        if any(path.startswith(p) for p in _EXCLUDE_PREFIXES):
+            return await call_next(request)
+
+        # 特殊: POST /auth/login 在 auth.py 中单独记录
+        if path == "/api/v1/auth/login" or path == "/api/v1/auth/logout":
+            return await call_next(request)
+
+        response = await call_next(request)
+
+        # 异步记录审计日志（不阻塞响应）
+        try:
+            await self._record(request, response.status_code)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+        return response
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def _record(request: Request, status_code: int):
+        path = request.url.path
+        method = request.method
+
+        # 确定 action
+        action = _ACTION_MAP.get(method, method.lower())
+        if path.endswith("/review"):
+            action = "approve" if status_code < 300 else "reject"
+        elif path.endswith("/execute"):
+            action = "execute"
+        elif path.endswith("/cancel"):
+            action = "cancel"
+
+        # 确定资源类型
+        resource_type = "other"
+        for prefix, rtype in _RESOURCE_MAP.items():
+            if path.startswith(prefix):
+                resource_type = rtype
+                break
+
+        # 提取 resource_id
+        resource_id = None
+        parts = path.rstrip("/").split("/")
+        for p in parts:
+            if p.isdigit():
+                resource_id = int(p)
+                break
+
+        # 获取操作者信息
+        user_id = None
+        username = None
+        try:
+            from app.core.security import decode_token
+            auth_header = request.headers.get("authorization", "")
+            if auth_header.startswith("Bearer "):
+                payload = decode_token(auth_header[7:])
+                user_id = int(payload.get("sub", 0))
+                username = payload.get("role", "unknown")
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+        # IP
+        forwarded = request.headers.get("x-forwarded-for")
+        ip_address = forwarded.split(",")[0].strip() if forwarded else (
+            request.client.host if request.client else None
+        )
+
+        # 写入DB
+        async with async_session() as db:
+            log = OperationLog(
+                user_id=user_id,
+                username=username,
+                action=action,
+                resource_type=resource_type,
+                resource_id=resource_id,
+                detail=f"{method} {path} -> {status_code}",
+                ip_address=ip_address,
+            )
+            db.add(log)
+            await db.commit()