test: instance端点扩展测试 (8→17) + 数据库列补齐修复

测试扩展 (test_instances.py):
- list_instances: 新增过滤(db_type/env)、权限(non_admin)、未认证场景
- update_instance: 新增404、developer禁止、dba允许
- delete_instance: 新增404、developer禁止

数据库修复:
- audit_rules表补齐value列
- audit_logs表补齐11列(username/db_type/database_name等)
- instances表补齐5列(access_mode/workflow/excluded_databases等)

依赖修复: bcrypt 4.0.1 兼容 passlib 1.7.4

backend/tests/test_instances.py

@@ -20,6 +20,41 @@ class TestListInstances:
         assert resp.status_code == 200
         assert isinstance(resp.json(), list)
 
+    async def test_list_instances_filter_db_type(self, client: AsyncClient, admin_token, test_instance):
+        resp = await client.get(
+            "/api/v1/instances?db_type=mysql",
+            headers=auth_header(admin_token),
+        )
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        data = resp.json()
+        assert all(i["db_type"] == "mysql" for i in data)
+
+    async def test_list_instances_filter_env(self, client: AsyncClient, admin_token, test_instance):
+        resp = await client.get(
+            "/api/v1/instances?env=development",
+            headers=auth_header(admin_token),
+        )
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        data = resp.json()
+        assert all(i["env"] == "development" for i in data)
+
+    async def test_list_instances_non_admin_no_group(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, developer_user, developer_token, test_instance
+    ):
+        """非 admin 且无权限组，只能看到公开实例（group_id=None）。"""
+        resp = await client.get(
+            "/api/v1/instances",
+            headers=auth_header(developer_token),
+        )
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        # test_instance has no group_id, so it should be visible
+        data = resp.json()
+        assert any(i["name"] == "测试MySQL" for i in data)
+
+    async def test_list_instances_unauthorized(self, client: AsyncClient):
+        resp = await client.get("/api/v1/instances")
+        assert resp.status_code == 401
+
 
 class TestCreateInstance:
     async def test_create_instance(self, client: AsyncClient, admin_token):
@@ -74,6 +109,34 @@ class TestUpdateInstance:
         assert resp.status_code == 200
         assert resp.json()["name"] == "改名MySQL"
 
+    async def test_update_instance_not_found(self, client: AsyncClient, admin_token):
+        resp = await client.put(
+            "/api/v1/instances/9999",
+            headers=auth_header(admin_token),
+            json={"name": "不存在"},
+        )
+        assert resp.status_code == 404
+
+    async def test_update_instance_forbidden_developer(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, test_instance, developer_token
+    ):
+        resp = await client.put(
+            f"/api/v1/instances/{test_instance.id}",
+            headers=auth_header(developer_token),
+            json={"name": "非法修改"},
+        )
+        assert resp.status_code == 403
+
+    async def test_update_instance_dba_allowed(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, test_instance, dba_token
+    ):
+        resp = await client.put(
+            f"/api/v1/instances/{test_instance.id}",
+            headers=auth_header(dba_token),
+            json={"description": "DBA修改的描述"},
+        )
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+
 
 class TestDeleteInstance:
     async def test_delete_instance(self, client: AsyncClient, test_instance, admin_token):
@@ -83,6 +146,22 @@ class TestDeleteInstance:
         )
         assert resp.status_code == 200
 
+    async def test_delete_instance_not_found(self, client: AsyncClient, admin_token):
+        resp = await client.delete(
+            "/api/v1/instances/9999",
+            headers=auth_header(admin_token),
+        )
+        assert resp.status_code == 404
+
+    async def test_delete_instance_forbidden_developer(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, test_instance, developer_token
+    ):
+        resp = await client.delete(
+            f"/api/v1/instances/{test_instance.id}",
+            headers=auth_header(developer_token),
+        )
+        assert resp.status_code == 403
+
 
 class TestConnectionTest:
     async def test_connection_test(self, client: AsyncClient, test_instance, admin_token):