feat: 定时执行工单 — 新建工单+自动任务管理全面重构

后端:
- Ticket 模型新增 scheduled_at 字段 (DateTime, nullable)
- TicketStatus 新增 SCHEDULED 状态
- 状态转换图: approved→scheduled, scheduled→executing/approved
- execute_ticket: scheduled_at 在未来时进入 scheduled 状态
- ticket_scheduler.py: asyncio 后台定时执行器
- GET /tickets/scheduled/list: 列出定时执行中工单
- POST /tickets/{id}/cancel-schedule: 取消定时执行

前端:
- TicketCreatePage: 新增定时执行 checkbox + datetime-local picker (秒级精度)
- AutoTaskPage: 全面重写为真实定时任务管理页
  - 实时倒计时显示 (Xh Xm 后执行)
  - DB 类型图标 (MySQL/PG/Redis/MongoDB)
  - SQL 预览 + 取消定时执行
  - 每 30 秒自动刷新

backend/app/api/v1/endpoints/ticket.py

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ class TicketStatus(str, Enum):
     PENDING = "pending"       # 待审批
     REVIEWING = "reviewing"   # 审批中（多级审批）
     APPROVED = "approved"     # 已通过
+    SCHEDULED = "scheduled"   # 定时执行中
     REJECTED = "rejected"     # 已拒绝
     EXECUTING = "executing"   # 执行中
     SUCCESS = "success"       # 执行成功
@@ -80,7 +81,8 @@ class TicketStatus(str, Enum):
 TICKET_STATE_TRANSITIONS: Dict[str, List[str]] = {
     TicketStatus.PENDING.value: [TicketStatus.REVIEWING.value, TicketStatus.APPROVED.value, TicketStatus.REJECTED.value],
     TicketStatus.REVIEWING.value: [TicketStatus.REVIEWING.value, TicketStatus.APPROVED.value, TicketStatus.REJECTED.value],
-    TicketStatus.APPROVED.value: [TicketStatus.EXECUTING.value, TicketStatus.REJECTED.value],
+    TicketStatus.APPROVED.value: [TicketStatus.EXECUTING.value, TicketStatus.SCHEDULED.value, TicketStatus.REJECTED.value],
+    TicketStatus.SCHEDULED.value: [TicketStatus.EXECUTING.value, TicketStatus.APPROVED.value],
     TicketStatus.EXECUTING.value: [TicketStatus.SUCCESS.value, TicketStatus.FAILED.value],
     TicketStatus.SUCCESS.value: [TicketStatus.ROLLBACK.value],
     TicketStatus.FAILED.value: [TicketStatus.ROLLBACK.value, TicketStatus.APPROVED.value],
@@ -404,6 +406,7 @@ async def create_ticket(
         applicant_id=current_user.id,
         status=initial_status,
         audit_result=json.dumps(v2_report.to_dict(), ensure_ascii=False) if v2_report and v2_report.findings else None,
+        scheduled_at=data.scheduled_at,
     )
     db.add(ticket)
     await db.flush()  # flush to get ticket.id
@@ -896,7 +899,25 @@ async def execute_ticket(
     # 5. 权限检查
     await check_instance_permission(current_user, instance, "ticket:execute", db)
 
-    # 6. 状态转换: approved -> executing
+    # 6. 定时执行：如果 scheduled_at 在未来，改为 scheduled 状态
+    if ticket.scheduled_at:
+        now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+        scheduled_aware = ticket.scheduled_at.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc) if ticket.scheduled_at.tzinfo is None else ticket.scheduled_at
+        if scheduled_aware > now:
+            if not _validate_status_transition(ticket.status, TicketStatus.SCHEDULED.value):
+                raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=f"非法的状态转换: {ticket.status} -> scheduled")
+            ticket.status = TicketStatus.SCHEDULED.value
+            await db.commit()
+            await db.refresh(ticket)
+
+            # 启动后台定时执行
+            from app.services.ticket_scheduler import schedule_ticket_execution
+            await schedule_ticket_execution(ticket.id, scheduled_aware)
+
+            ticket_data = await _enrich_ticket(ticket, db)
+            return ticket_data
+
+    # 7. 状态转换: approved -> executing
     if not _validate_status_transition(ticket.status, TicketStatus.EXECUTING.value):
         raise HTTPException(
             status_code=400,
@@ -907,7 +928,7 @@ async def execute_ticket(
     await db.commit()
     await db.refresh(ticket)
 
-    # 7. 使用多数据库执行引擎
+    # 8. 使用多数据库执行引擎
     from app.services.ticket_executor import TicketExecutor
     executor = TicketExecutor()
 
@@ -1071,3 +1092,69 @@ async def _send_execution_notification(
         channels=channels,
         ticket_data=notification_data,
     )
+
+
+# ===== 定时任务管理 =====
+
+@router.get("/scheduled/list")
+async def list_scheduled_tickets(
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: User = Depends(require_role("admin", "dba")),
+):
+    """列出所有定时执行中的工单。"""
+    result = await db.execute(
+        select(Ticket)
+        .where(Ticket.status == TicketStatus.SCHEDULED.value)
+        .order_by(Ticket.scheduled_at.asc())
+    )
+    tickets = result.scalars().all()
+    data = []
+    for t in tickets:
+        inst_result = await db.execute(select(Instance).where(Instance.id == t.instance_id))
+        inst = inst_result.scalar_one_or_none()
+        data.append({
+            "id": t.id,
+            "ticket_no": t.ticket_no,
+            "title": t.title,
+            "db_type": t.db_type,
+            "instance_name": inst.name if inst else "未知",
+            "instance_db_type": inst.db_type if inst else "",
+            "target_database": t.target_database,
+            "sql_content": t.sql_content[:200] + "..." if len(t.sql_content) > 200 else t.sql_content,
+            "status": t.status,
+            "scheduled_at": t.scheduled_at.isoformat() if t.scheduled_at else None,
+            "priority": t.priority,
+            "create_time": t.create_time.isoformat() if t.create_time else None,
+        })
+    return {"items": data, "total": len(data)}
+
+
+@router.post("/{ticket_id}/cancel-schedule")
+async def cancel_scheduled_ticket(
+    ticket_id: int,
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+    current_user: User = Depends(require_role("admin", "dba")),
+):
+    """取消定时执行，将工单状态改回 approved。"""
+    ticket = await _get_ticket(db, ticket_id)
+    if ticket.status != TicketStatus.SCHEDULED.value:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="只能取消定时执行中的工单")
+
+    if not _validate_status_transition(ticket.status, TicketStatus.APPROVED.value):
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="非法的状态转换")
+
+    # 取消后台任务
+    from app.services.ticket_scheduler import cancel_ticket_execution
+    cancel_ticket_execution(ticket.id)
+
+    ticket.status = TicketStatus.APPROVED.value
+    await db.commit()
+    await db.refresh(ticket)
+
+    await AuditLogService.log(
+        db, user_id=current_user.id, action="CANCEL_SCHEDULED_TICKET",
+        target_type="ticket", target_id=ticket.id,
+        detail=f"取消定时执行: {ticket.scheduled_at}",
+    )
+
+    return {"message": "已取消定时执行", "ticket_id": ticket_id, "status": ticket.status}

backend/app/models/ticket.py

@@ -24,4 +24,5 @@ class Ticket(Base):
     create_time = Column(DateTime, server_default=func.now())
     review_time = Column(DateTime, nullable=True)
     execute_time = Column(DateTime, nullable=True)
+    scheduled_at = Column(DateTime, nullable=True, comment="定时执行时间，NULL=立即执行")
     updated_at = Column(DateTime, server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now())

backend/app/schemas/ticket.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ class TicketCreate(BaseModel):
     rollback_sql: Optional[str] = None
     reason: str = Field(..., min_length=5)
     priority: Literal["high", "medium", "low"] = "medium"
+    scheduled_at: Optional[datetime] = None
 
 
 class TicketReview(BaseModel):
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ class TicketResponse(BaseModel):
     create_time: datetime
     review_time: Optional[datetime] = None
     execute_time: Optional[datetime] = None
+    scheduled_at: Optional[datetime] = None
 
     model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)
 

backend/app/services/ticket_scheduler.py

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+"""工单定时执行调度器 — 基于 asyncio 的轻量级定时任务。"""
+import asyncio
+import logging
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from typing import Dict
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# 内存中保存活跃的定时任务句柄
+_active_tasks: Dict[int, asyncio.Task] = {}
+
+
+async def schedule_ticket_execution(ticket_id: int, scheduled_at: datetime) -> None:
+    """注册一个定时执行任务。
+
+    使用 asyncio.create_task 创建后台等待任务，到达 scheduled_at 后自动执行工单。
+
+    Args:
+        ticket_id: 工单 ID
+        scheduled_at: 定时执行时间 (UTC)
+    """
+    now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+    delay = (scheduled_at - now).total_seconds()
+
+    if delay <= 0:
+        # 已到时间，立即执行
+        logger.info("工单 %d 定时时间已到，立即执行", ticket_id)
+        task = asyncio.create_task(_execute_scheduled_ticket(ticket_id))
+    else:
+        logger.info("工单 %d 定时执行: %s (%.1f 秒后)", ticket_id, scheduled_at, delay)
+        task = asyncio.create_task(_wait_and_execute(ticket_id, delay))
+
+    _active_tasks[ticket_id] = task
+
+
+async def _wait_and_execute(ticket_id: int, delay: float) -> None:
+    """等待 delay 秒后执行工单。"""
+    try:
+        await asyncio.sleep(delay)
+        await _execute_scheduled_ticket(ticket_id)
+    except asyncio.CancelledError:
+        logger.info("工单 %d 定时执行已取消", ticket_id)
+    except Exception:
+        logger.exception("工单 %d 定时执行异常", ticket_id)
+    finally:
+        _active_tasks.pop(ticket_id, None)
+
+
+async def _execute_scheduled_ticket(ticket_id: int) -> None:
+    """执行定时工单 — 创建独立数据库会话执行。"""
+    from app.core.database import async_session
+    from app.models.ticket import Ticket as TicketModel
+    from app.models.instance import Instance
+    from app.services.ticket_executor import TicketExecutor
+    from app.services.audit_log import AuditLogService
+    from app.core.security import decrypt_password
+    from sqlalchemy import select
+    import json
+
+    logger.info("开始执行定时工单 %d", ticket_id)
+
+    async with async_session() as db:
+        try:
+            # 查询工单
+            result = await db.execute(select(TicketModel).where(TicketModel.id == ticket_id))
+            ticket = result.scalar_one_or_none()
+            if not ticket:
+                logger.error("定时工单 %d 不存在", ticket_id)
+                return
+
+            # 状态检查
+            if ticket.status != "scheduled":
+                logger.warning("工单 %d 状态已变更 (%s)，跳过执行", ticket_id, ticket.status)
+                return
+
+            # 更新状态为 executing
+            ticket.status = "executing"
+            await db.commit()
+            await db.refresh(ticket)
+
+            # 查询实例
+            inst_result = await db.execute(select(Instance).where(Instance.id == ticket.instance_id))
+            instance = inst_result.scalar_one_or_none()
+            if not instance:
+                ticket.status = "failed"
+                ticket.execute_result = json.dumps({"status": "failed", "errors": ["数据源实例不存在"]}, ensure_ascii=False)
+                ticket.execute_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+                await db.commit()
+                return
+
+            # 解密密码
+            instance.password = decrypt_password(instance.password)
+
+            # 执行
+            executor = TicketExecutor()
+            report = await executor.execute(ticket, instance)
+
+            # 更新结果
+            ticket.status = "success" if report.status == "success" else "failed"
+            ticket.execute_result = report.to_json()
+            ticket.execute_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+            await db.commit()
+
+            logger.info("定时工单 %d 执行完成: %s", ticket_id, report.status)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.exception("定时工单 %d 执行异常", ticket_id)
+            try:
+                result = await db.execute(select(TicketModel).where(TicketModel.id == ticket_id))
+                ticket = result.scalar_one_or_none()
+                if ticket:
+                    ticket.status = "failed"
+                    ticket.execute_result = json.dumps({"status": "failed", "errors": [f"{type(e).__name__}: {e}"]}, ensure_ascii=False)
+                    ticket.execute_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+                    await db.commit()
+            except Exception:
+                logger.exception("更新定时工单 %d 失败状态也失败", ticket_id)
+        finally:
+            _active_tasks.pop(ticket_id, None)
+
+
+def cancel_ticket_execution(ticket_id: int) -> bool:
+    """取消定时执行任务。
+
+    Args:
+        ticket_id: 工单 ID
+
+    Returns:
+        是否成功取消
+    """
+    task = _active_tasks.get(ticket_id)
+    if task and not task.done():
+        task.cancel()
+        _active_tasks.pop(ticket_id, None)
+        logger.info("已取消工单 %d 的定时执行", ticket_id)
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def get_active_scheduled_count() -> int:
+    """返回当前活跃的定时任务数量。"""
+    return len(_active_tasks)
+
+
+def get_active_scheduled_ids() -> list[int]:
+    """返回当前活跃的定时工单 ID 列表。"""
+    return list(_active_tasks.keys())